This glossary includes many Wushu styles, Wushu practitioners, Wushu weapons, and Wushu terms that practitioners of Chinese martial arts can refer to. It is by no means a complete list of all the possible terms in Wushu, but we believe we have compiled the most inclusive list of Wushu styles in one book. Next to the description of the styles and weapons we have included many photos of practitioners of these styles and weapons. All styles and weapons are described under the Chinese pinyin romanization and cross referenced with the English equivalent.

It is not our intent, nor is it possible, to fully describe each and every style in one book. Our intent in this glossary is to present the rich variety of Wushu styles that are available. There are even more styles that have not been included in this glossary. To learn the specifics of each Wushu style we have presented in this glossary, you will need to study from an instructor of that particular style and or other resource. Hopefully, the information given in this book will stir your curiosity to learn more about the different styles out there.

In the list of the known routines named under each style, we have selected some representative routines. It is by no means a complete list of the routines of that style. Also, in our research we found some discrepancies in the information from different sources. We have presented what is available to us. Again, to learn more knowledge about a specific style, please study with a qualified practitioner of the style.

The practitioners whose photos appear in this glossary are introduced under the practitioners’ name. We have included many of the most outstanding Wushu practitioners and instructors today. With their photos, we hope you will gain a better understanding of the characteristics of the style they represent. Many of these practitioners are prominent figures in multiple Wushu styles. Due to a limitation of typesetting space, we were only able to include some photo demonstrations and a short biography (125 words) of the practitioners. If you would like to know more details and accomplishments about the practitioners, please contact them directly.

The authors have put a lot of effort into compiling the biographies and photographs of the many practitioners. It is their hope that their efforts will help promote not only these practitioners, but Wushu in general, and to help prospective students of Wushu find teachers that suit their particular needs. No payment was received from the practitioners included in this glossary. The authors believe and wish that these practitioners will continue to be pillars of Wushu and our society.

At the end of this glossary are two addendums listing many other practitioners not included in the main section of the glossary. Next to their names we have included the last known location of these practitioners. The authors hope that with these lists and the descriptions in the main section of the glossary you will have a good starting point for locating a practitioner in your area.

There are several different standards used in the romanization of Chinese characters to the Roman alphabet. They include pinyin, Wade-Giles, Yale, Gouyu, and Hong Kong. The romanization system used in this volume is the pinyin system. Pinyin is the official romanization system of the People’s Republic of China which was adopted in the 1950’s. It is now widely adopted and accepted in China and abroad. The pinyin system of romanization is generally spelled more phonetically than other romanization systems.

China is a vast country with over fifty ethnic groups. Each ethnic group has their unique dialect of Chinese. Even though the dialects may differ from one region of China to the next, the written language is the same. In the pinyin romanization of the Chinese characters, we have used the official dialect, Mandarin — putonghua or guoyu.

If there is any confusion regarding the romanization of the Chinese characters using other systems, look up the term in this glossary. We have cross referenced many terms with other romanizations. For individuals that can read Chinese characters, we have included most of the Chinese characters in this glossary. The characters are placed next to the translated term or the pinyin, in alphabetical order.

Unlike the common English way of writing or addressing people by their first name, Chinese surnames are placed ahead of the given name. This sometimes causes confusion to readers. Many people are unable to tell which is the first name and which is the surname. Most Chinese names are three syllables long, one for the surname and two for the first name. There are, of course, exceptions. The given name (first name) is often romanized with a hyphen (-) with each of the syllables in the given name capitalized or is lumped together in a romanized form with only the first letter capitalized. Chinese names all have a significant meaning to the individual, each syllable in the name can be a word. The combination of syllables can add to the meaning of an individual word, or can have a totally different meaning if written separately or in a different context. In this glossary, all names are listed in alphabetical order with the last name first.

A

Alamudeen, Saleem He began his Wushu training in the early 1970’s. He is a prominent practitioner of Hongjiaquan in the U.S. He is also a practitioner of Taijiquan, Baguazhang, Xingyiquan, and Qigong. He currently teaches at the Lam Tang Kung Fu Academay and the Circle Center Tai Chi School See his photo demonstration under Hongjiaquan.

Anhui Province A Chinese province located on the eastern part of China. The Yangtze River runs right through this province. It borders Jiangsu Province to its east and covers over 139 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 61 million people as of 1999.

Arsenalt, Al One of the founding members of the International Wushu Sanshou Dao Association (IWSD); and a martial arts instructor and a police officer for the Vancouver Police. He is currently the President of the IWSD. He is well-known for his ground control techniques, Karate, Judo, Jujitsu, Taijiquan, Shuaijiao, Qinna, and Qigong abilities. He received a gold medal for his performance in the 1994 Shanghai International Wushu Festival. He is a sixth level black belt in Wushu Sanshou Dao. See his photo demonstration under Wushu Sanshou Dao.

Ax see Fu

B

Ba A rake (Drawing B-1). It evolved from a farming tool into an ancient military and Wushu weapon.

Baguazhang An Internal Style Wushu also romanized as Pa Kua Chang, and translated as Eight Trigram Palm. This style originated from the Emei Mountains. One of the major branches of Baguazhang came from Dong Haichuan (1813-1882), a Qing Dynasty’s royal bodyguard from Heibei Province who traveled to the Emei Mountains and learned Baguazhang. He received his inspiration from Daoist teachings and derived the Baguazhang Style. Dong’s students had already studied other martial arts before learning from him. Therefore, Baguazhang has developed many different characteristics since Dong himself.

There are other sources of Baguazhang other than from Dong Haichuan. Some believe that the Priest Gao Xian of the Hebei Province also learned it in the Emei Mountains. His Baguazhang was known as the Hard Eight Palm . Also, in Hebei Province, Wang Zhaoxian and Tian Hui from Beijing both practiced variations of Baguazhang from the Emei Mountains. Their Baguazhang is over 300 years old, and is not directly related to Dong Haichuan. However, the most influential development of Baguazhang is from the Dong Haichuan lineage.

The theoretic foundation of Baguazhang is based on the Yijing (, Book of Changes). Bagua or the eight trigrams are the basic elements of the Yijing. This style integrates circular stepping and energy circulation with martial arts movements. The movements are always changing, spinning and turning, while rapidly moving in curvilinear patterns. Its movements are described as, "Walk like a dragon, retrieve and spin like an ape, change momentum like an eagle, and calm and steady like a still tiger". In its applications, Baguazhang uses motion against an opponent’s stillness, and stresses the use of rapid stepping and turning movements to evade an opponent’s frontal attacks. One of the most predominant characteristics of Baguazhang is the use of palms (zhang) for its applications, thus the style is named Baguazhang.

Figure B-1: Bagua Zhuanzhang /Zhao Ziqiu

Figure B-2: Bagua Sanshou Saber/Wang Shutian

Figure B-3: Baguazhang Application/Liang Shou-Yu and Wu Wen-Ching

Figure B-4: Baguazhang Application/Jerry Alan Johnson

Figure B-5: Swimming Body Baguazhang /Helen Liang

Figure B-6: Jiulong Baguazhang/John Painter

Figure B-7: Bagua Low Stance Training/Sam Masich

Figure B-8: Bagua Deer Hooks/Wu Wen-Ching

Figure B-9: Bagua Saber/Yang Fukui

Figure B-10: Baguazhang/Robert Ross

Figure B-11: Baguazhang/Zhang Li

Figure B-12: Baguazhang/Zhang Hong Mei

Figure B-13: Bagua Saber/Thomas Uva, Robert Ross, Denise Breiter-Wu, Jeffrey Lykins, Howard Means, Ryan May, Frank Whitsitt-Lynch

Baihequan Translated as White Crane Style. This is a Southern Style. The characteristics of the White Crane style include light and agile movements; short, but ever changing, hand movements; and a whiplike manifestation of power from the waist. The origin of Baihequan is believed to have been passed down from Fang Huishi who learned his martial arts from the Southern Shaolin Temple and later taught it to his daughter, Fang Qiniang . The time period was between 1662 and 1735.

Legend has it, that Fang Qiniang was on her way home from washing clothes one day and observed a great white crane on the roof of her home. Driven by curiosity and apprehension that the crane would damage the clothes she hung out to dry, she took a stick and attempted to scare the crane away. When she tried to hit the head of the crane, the crane moved its head and extended its wings to defend against the strike. When she tried to hit the wings of the crane, the crane agilely jumped away and used its claws to deflect the stick. When she tried to spear to the crane’s body, the crane shook its wings, while retreating and striking forward with its beak.

Fang Qiniang was amazed and impressed with the crane’s ability and studied the crane movements. From then on, the crane rested on the roof of her home everyday, and she attacked the crane to study its movements. She then combined her Southern Shaolin martial arts training with the crane movements and created Baihequan.

Also see Fujian Hequan and Wuzuquan.

Figure B-14: Baihequan/Jeff Bolt

Figure B-15: Fujian Hequan/Augustine Ngu

Baimeiquan Translated as White Eyebrow Style. This is an Emei Style. Legend has it, that it was created by a Taoist priest named Baimei. The known routines include: Xiaoshizi , Dashizi , Sanmenbagua , Shibamoqiao , and Menghuchulin . This style is popular in Guandong Province, Hong Kong, and many Southeastern Asian nations.

Figure B-16: Baimeiquan/Ken Low

Bajiquan Translated as the Eight Extreme Fist. It is commonly believed that Bajiquan was known as Baziquan as recorded in the Ming Dynasty Wushu classic, the New Book of Effective Disciplines (). The modern version of Bajiquan is believed to have been passed down from Wu Zhong (1712-1802). According to legend, Wu Zhong learned his Bajiquan from a wandering Daoist. Its characteristics include explosive power, stomping the foot, and utilizes close range movements in its applications.

Figure B-17: Old Bajiquan/Adam Hsu (photo by Marie Anthony)

Figure B-18: Big Frame Bajiquan/Michael Li

Figure B-19: Bajiquan/Tony Chen

Barbosa, Fred He began his Wushu training from Wu Wen-Ching in 1999. He is a Way of the Dragon School assistant instructor, and a Systems Engineer for Fleet Bank Boston. See his photo demonstration under Wushu Bingqi.

Batuo The first Abbot of the Shaolin Temple. Legend has it, that Emperor Xiaowen built the Shaolin Temple for Batuo to teach Buddhism in 495 A.D. He was there for over thirty years before Damo.

Beijing City The capital of China and one of China’s four municipalities that is under the direct jurisdiction of the central government. It is a political, economic, transportation, science, and cultural center. Bejing is located in the Northeastern part of China, about 150 kilometers from the Bohai Sea. It covers over 16 thousand square kilometers, with a population of over 12 million people as of 1999.

Beipai Beipai is used as opposed to Nanquan. This term refers to Wushu styles originating in the areas above the Yangtze River in China.

Benglong Wushu This term refers to the Wushu developed by the Benglong ethnic people living in the Yunnan Province. The Benglong people are known for their bravery and love of Wushu. Their Wushu is known as Zuoquan , meaning Left Fist. When engaged in combat or competition, their winning blow often comes from their left fist, thereby, the term Zuoquan. Benglong Wushu has high stances. They have a weapon routine known as Benglongdao .

Bian A whip. It can be one piece or chain linked. This term refers to weapons with whip-like characteristics. Chain linked bian include the Seven, Nine (Drawing B-2), or Thirteen Sectioned Chain. A one piece bian is a hard whip. Zhujieganbian (, Drawing B-3) is a hard whip with the body carved into bamboo-like sections with sharp protrusions.

Figure B-20: Nine Sectioned Chain/Hansen Lee

Figure B-21: Nine Sectioned Chain/Hui Mo

Figure B-22: Double Chain/Joel Timons

Figure B-23: Saber and Chain/Sam Li

Biangan see Gun

Bishil, Hassan (1968-) Born in the city of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. In 1987, Mr. Bishil started Wushu training in his home country. Three years later, he began traveling around the world seeking out Wushu and Qigong teachers. He has studied on a one-to-one basis with several prominent Wushu and Qigong teachers in China, Hong Kong, and North America. Since 1992 he has been teaching and holding workshops in Saudi Arabia and the U.S. He is a member of the International Wushu Sanshou Dao Association. See his photo demonstration under Tanglangquan.

Bishou Refers to a double edged dagger (Drawing B-4). It is also referred to as duanjian or short sword. It is classified as a small weapon, used for close range applications. Bishou is used singularly or in a pair.

Bodhidharma see Damo

Bolt, Jeff One of most significant contributors to the promotion of Wushu in the United States. He was one of the first to organize national Wushu competitions in the United States. He has been the director of U.S. National Chinese Martial Arts tournaments since 1986. He was instrumental in forming a national Wushu federation and has served as an administrator for several organizations. He was the Vice President of U.S.A.W.K.F. and was the Sanshou coach of the U.S. National Wushu Team. He currently teaches in Texas, USA. See his photo demonstrations under Changquan and Baihequan.

Boziquan Cripple Style. This style was created by a Chan Buddhist priest, Jinyun . It imitates the characteristics of a handicapped or injured person in its movements. There is only one known routine with over 80 movements.

Breiter-Wu, Denise She is the editor of this book and many others. She is a former elementary school teacher and movement therapist. She is the cofounder, and now works as the director, an instructor, and an editor at The Way of the Dragon School and Publication Company. She has been practicing Wushu, Taijiquan, and Qigong for over 20 years. She is the wife of Wu Wen-Ching and the mother of Andrew Wu. See her photo demonstrations under Baguazhang, Chaquan, and Wangshi Wushu.

Bujas, Tony Also known as Ante Bujas. He is a Third Level Black Belt in Wushu Sanshou Dao. He is also an instructor of Xingyiquan, Baguazhang, and Sanshou at the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute. He studied Hongjiaquan for ten years, and has been studying Internal Style Wushu and qigong from Shou-Yu Liang for more than ten years. See his photo demonstrations under Huheshunxingquan, Guai, and Wushu Sanshou Dao.

C

Cailifoquan One of the Southern Styles of Guangdong Province. This style was created by Chen Heng . Chen first learned Fojiaquan from his father. Later, he also studied Liquan from Li Youshan and Caiquan from Cai Fu . Chen combined the essence of the three styles and created Cailifoquan. This style is popular in Guangdong, Foshan , Hong Kong, Europe, and America. There are numerous routines in this style. Its movements are described as "Still like static water when on guard, and attack like a hungry leopard catching its prey."

Figure C-1: Hongsheng Cailifoquan /Wong Tat-Mau

Figure C-2: Cailifoquan/Mak Hin Fai

Figure C-3: Xiongsheng Cailifoquan /Sam Ng

Figure C-4: Liuyedao /Hilbert T.S. Yiu

Figure C-5: Panlonggun /Hilbert T.S. Yiu

Caiquan Translated as Cai Family Fist. This style was created by Cai Boda and Cai Jiuyi . They were monks from Fujian Shaolin Temple. Later, it was spread to Guangdong Province by the monk Cai Fu . It is one of the major Southern Styles in Guangdong today. Some of the known routines include: Shiziquan , Dayuntian , Xiaoyuntian , Tianbianyan , Lusuimei , and Liangyisixiangquan .

Canbimen Translated as Silk Reeling Style. This style originated from Huang Yichuan of Jiangxi Province. Canbimen focuses on coiling and neutralizing. Its movements are continuous like the reeling of silk, thus the term Can, meaning silk or silk worm. There are over seventy known barehanded routines, thirteen weapon routines, and thirteen Sanshou training methods.

Figure C-6: Inviting Hand/Zhao Ziqiu

Cangzhou Wushu This term refers to the Wushu styles known in the Canzhou area. Cangzhou is located in Hebei Province. Historically, Cangzhou was poor. To make matters worse, the government officials were corrupt and took advantage of the people. To defend themselves, the Cangzhou people had to train Wushu.

There were many other factors which made Cangzhou a gathering place for Wushu practitioners. Many Wushu practitioners were exiled to Cangzhou. Some were sent there as prisoners and some were there to hide from government persecution. Because of the many talented Wushu practitioners in Cangzhou, ancient armed guards would humble themselves when passing through Cangzhou, so as not to anger them.

There have been many Wushu styles which have originated from Cangzhou. In the recent past, many patriots from Cangzhou successfully defeated many foreign challengers. These prominent Wushu practitioners include Wang Ziping , Li Guanming , Ding Faxiang , and Zhang Zhankui . They all left behind many exciting stories.

Carroll, Sam He began his martial arts training in 1982, and has been studying Wushu from Wu Wen-Ching since 1993. He is an instructor at The Way of the Dragon School and is currently pursuing a graduate degree in Ocean Engineering. See his photo demonstration under Shaolin Wushu.

Case, Ron He is a First Degree Black Belt in Nisei Karate and a Wushu practicitioner. He is the leader of the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute Hard Qigong Performance team. See his photo demonstration under Wushu Sanshou Dao.

Central Guoshu Institute The national martial arts organization founded in Nanjing in 1928 by Zhang Zhijiang . It was responsible for organizing national competitions, training Wushu instructors, testing, and promoting Wushu. It was later relocated in Sichuan and closed in 1949. Many graduates of the Central Guoshu Institute are currently leading Wushu professors, coaches, and Wushu leaders in China. Also see Guoshu.

Cha A fork like weapon. There are many types of cha. Cha were used for hunting and fishing, and gradually evolved to become Wushu weapons. Long cha usually consist of three prongs with a pole extension (Drawing C-1). Short cha are also referred to as Nancha (, Drawings C-2 and C-3). Nancha are typically used in pairs and practiced mostly in Southern Styles.

Figure C-7: Southern Cha/Ayron Howey

Figure C-8: Cailifo Cha/Hilbert T.S. Yiu

Chain see Bian

Chan A Buddhist practice following the Sutrayana practices of the Mahayana Vehicle. It is also romanized as Zen from the Japanese pronunciation. The original word came from the Sanskrit word, "dhyana".

Chan A shovel. It evolved from a farming tool into a weapon. Ancient monks living outside of the temples often used this weapon. It was used to carry heavy weight, make paths when traveling in the mountains, and as a self-defense weapon. Well-known chans include: Fangbianchan (, Drawing C-4) and Yueyachan (, Drawing C-5).

Figure C-9: Yueyachan/Wang Ziping

Chan, Paul He began his Wushu training in 1942. He is the disciple of Chen Dou , a prominent practitioner of Daopai. He is also well-known for his Hongjiaquan and Cailifoquan. He is the first president of the Confederation of Canadian Wushu Organizations and the president of the Canadian National Chinese Martial Arts Federation. See his photo demonstration under Daopai.

Chang, Chung-Jen He is a prominent practitioner of Taijiquan. He was a consultant for the highly acclaimed movie, Pushing Hands. He has produced several instructional Taiji videos and hosted a Taijiquan cable TV program. He was a grandchampion at a national Taiji tournament and has judged competitions in various localities. He is especially well-known for his remarkable fluidity and flexibility. During his 20 plus years of teaching, he has developed his own successful system of increasing the flexibility of the body. His wide range of studies include: Taiji Daoyin, Chen Style Taijiquan, Yang Style Taijiquan, Taiji Sword, and Push Hands. He currently teaches in Maryland, USA, and gives workshops throughout North America. See his photo demonstration under Taijiquan.

Changjiang see Yangtze River

Changquan Long Fist. This is a term referring to the many Northern Style Wushu including: Chaquan, Huaquan, Paoquan, Hongquan, Liuhequan, Yanqingquan, etc. Changquan movements are usually long, open, and extended. It includes many fast and agile maneuvers, as well as, high jumps and aerial kicks.

Modern competition Changquan routines have absorbed the characteristics of Chaquan, Hongquan, Huaquan, Paoquan, Hongquan, in its routines. Changquan is suited for youngsters learning Wushu because it sets a solid foundation for studying other styles of Wushu. In Modern Wushu competitions, Changquan routines must include a proper fist, palm, and hand hook; and the five basic stances, gongbu , mabu , pubu , xubu , and xiebu . The routines must also contain a definite amount of punching, palm striking, elbow striking, spring kicking, high sweep kicking, low sweep kicking, and slap kicking techniques. They must also contain a definite amount of balancing, jumping, and tumbling techniques.

Figure C-10: Lift Knee and Flash Palms/Liang Shou-Yu

Figure C-11: Changquan Closing Posture/Zou Yinghui

Figure C-12: Block Up in Empty Stance/Liang Shou-Yu

Figure C-13: Changquan/Liu Yu

Figure C-14: Changquan/Liu Yu

Figure C-15: Gongliquan /Jeff Bolt

Figure C-16: Changquan/Sanford Lee

Figure C-17: Changquan/Katrina Leung

Figures C-18 and C-20: Wushu Basics/Derek Cheng, Fremont Woo, Tjhie Wei Tjong, William Lai, Michael Holmes, Mo Hui, Yang Chen-Han, Perry Lo, and Fred Ho

Figure C-19: Changquan/Tadeusz Gacki

Figure C-21: Changquan/Henry Gong

Figure C-22: Jumping Side Kick/ Yang Chen-Han and William Lai

Figure C-23: Changquan/Ivan Wong

Chaquan A major Wushu style. Its training content is both systematic and complete. Chaquan, Huaquan, Hongquan, Paoquan, and Tantuimen are from the same origin. It has traditionally been very popular among the Hui ethnic Chinese. The Hui people are predominately of the Muslin faith giving the Chaquan style a very close tie to the Chinese Muslin community. It is not surprising that the practitioners of Chaquan in the past have mostly been the Hui ethnic Chinese. In 1928, when the Central Guoshu Institute was founded, Chaquan became one of the primary required studies at the institute. The teachers were all Hui ethnic Chinese.

There are many legends concerning the origin of Chaquan. There are inconsistent records indicating the origination period of Chaquan. There are records that indicate it originated during the Tang Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty. Despite the inconsistency in the date of origin, these records all consistently indicate that this style was founded by a practitioner with the last name Cha. Cha began teaching his martial arts in the Shandong area. Later, the martial arts that Cha taught, spread all over China and became known as Chaquan. The exact origin still needs to be verified with more research.

One legend has it, that during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), General Cha Gelu led five thousand Hui soldiers to stop the largest revolt during the Tang Dynasty. The revolt was known as Anshizhiluan . General Cha was successful in stopping the revolt, but he was also injured during the engagement. Cha recuperated in Guanxian County of Shandong Province. While he was there, he taught his Wushu to the Hui ethnic Chinese. To remember and honor him, practitioners named their Wushu, Chaquan.

Another legend has it, that Cha Mier created Chaquan in the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. Yet, another legend, believes it was created by Cha Shangyi , an Hui ethnic Chinese from the northeastern part of China.

There are ten bare-handed Chaquan routines. Each routine is made up of 30 to 60 techniques. Each application can be practiced individually or with a partner. The movements start from the very basic to the more advanced, containing lively and intricate maneuvers. Each routine has its training key words and phrases that go with the techniques to assist the practitioner in memorizing and understanding the applications. Each routine, also has its particular emphasis and focus. The ten routines are: Yilu Muzi , Erlu Xingshou , Sanlu Feijiao , Silu Shengping , Wulu Guandong , Liulu Maifu , Qilu Meihua , Balu Lianhuan , Jiaolu Longbaiwei , and Shilu Chuanquan .

Chaquan is a major representation of Changquan styles. Modern Changquan routines are all based on Chaquan and Huaquan foundations. Well-known representatives of Chaquan in the recent past include: Wang Ziping and Zhang Yingzheng .

Figure C-24: Suohouqiang /Wang Jurong

Figure C-25: Wulu Chaquan/ Wang Jurong

Figure C-26: Balu Chaquan / Wu Wen-Ching

Figure C-27: Wulu Chaquan /Grace Wu

Figure C-28: Silu Chaquan/Wang Jurong

Figure C-29: Simendao /Wu Wen-Ching

Figure C-30: Chaquan/Denise Breiter-Wu

Figure C-31: Chaquan/Betty Lew-Watson

Chau, William President of the Chinese Wushu Association ( ) in Ontario, Canada and a lifetime member of the Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Association . He is a prominent practitioner in Tantuimen, Piguaquan, Fanzi Yingzhuamen, Cailifoquan, Mizongquan, Dachengquan, and traumatology. See his photo demonstration under Dachengquan.

Chen, Bill He is a prominent Wushu practitioner in Texas. He was a Wushu instructor at the University of Washington. He was a judge at many U.S. National Wushu competitions. He is one of Liang Shou-Yu's students. In the early 1980's, he was responsible for inviting Liang Shou-Yu to teach Wushu at the University of Washington. See his photo demonstration under Liuhemen.

Chen, Irene A member of the Canadian Wushu team. She was a gold medalist many times in U.S. and Canadian international Wushu competitions in the compulsory Nanquan and other categories. She is a S.Y.L. Wushu Institute instructor and is included in the book, the China’s Contemporary Wushu Masters ( ). See her photo demonstration under Dao.

Chen, Jian Also known as Chen Dingfu and nicknamed Luyadaoren . He is the 23rd generation head instructor of the O-Mei Qigong and Sword School . In his youth, he was a member of the Sichuan Wushu team winning numerous gold medals. He was a Wushu instructor at Chengdu Physical Education College and a head instructor at Chengdu City Police Academy. He is also a prominent practitioner of traumatology. Currently, he teaches and does his healing practice in San Francisco, California, U.S.A. See his photo demonstrations under Emei Shierzhuang and Emei Wushu.

Chen, Tony Also known as Chen Zhaohui. He learned Wushu from his father, Chen Jian, since age six. He has been a gold medalist in numerous national championships in China, and received his Wuyin title in 1991. He was the U.S.A. Kickboxing Champion and International Kung Fu Champion in 1997. He is the founder of the O-Mei Kung Fu Academy in San Francisco, California, USA. He is also the Chairman of the California Affiliate of the International Wushu Sanshou Dao Association. He is a Sixth Level Black Belt in Sanshou Dao. In 2000, he appeared on the cover of Kung Fu Qigong Magazine. He has demonstrated in several instructional videos. The instructors at his school include many prominent Wushu practitioners. See his photo demonstrations under Bajiquan and Tanglangquan.

Chen, Xiaowang (1946-) A prominent representative of the 19th generation Chen Style Taijiquan. He has been a Taijiquan gold medalist and a recipient of Outstanding Performance awards many times in China national Wushu championships. He has written two books on Chen Style Taijiquan. He currently teaches in Australia and gives workshops around the world. See his photo demonstration under Taijiquan.

Cheng, Aiping A former member and later became a coach of the Zhejiang Wushu team. She attained gold medals in both double sword and Sun Style Taijiquan, and a silver medal in Yang Style Taijiquan in a National Wushu competition in China. She is the demonstrator in the official Sun Style instructional video produced by the China Sports Committee. In the 1970's, she was a member of the Wushu Delegation to the United States and performed at the White House. Since her immigration to the U.S., she has been active as a judge in U.S. national and international Wushu competitions. She currently teaches in Connecticut, U.S.A. See her photo demonstrations under Taijiquan and Mulanquan.

Cheng, Derek A S.Y.L. Wushu Institute instructor. He is a Canadian national Sanshou competition silver medalist in the 75-80 kilogram category. He is also included in the book, China’s Contemporary Wushu Masters . He is a Third Level Black Belt in Wushu Sanshou Dao. In 2001, he was the gold medalist in the 70 to 75 Kg Canadian National Sanshou competition in 1999. He was selected to represent Canada at the 6th World Wushu Championships. In 2001, he was also certified by the International Wushu Federation as an International Sanshou Fighting Judge. He is a member of the Board of Directors of Wushu B.C. See his photo demonstrations under Yingzhuaquan, Huanglinpai, Emei Shaolin, Gun, and Wushu Sanshou Dao.

Cheng, Kexin A prominent Yijing and Bagua prediction practitioner. A Sichuan native, also known for his Qigong and Sanshou ability. He is the founder and chairman of the China Kexingzhang Association , an International Wushu Sanshou Dao Association affiliate. In his youth, he studied Wushu and Sanshou from Liang Shou-Yu. He was also selected as one of the top ten Qigong practitioners in China, in Who’s Who in the World , and China’s Contemporary Wushu Masters . He has written several books about Bagua, Qigong, and healing. His students have received gold medals for their Qigong and Sanshou abilities. He gives workshops all over China and has been well received by both Chinese and foreign students. Many magazines and newspapers have dedicated articles about him. See his photo demonstration under Kexingzhang.

Cheng, Shaoming (1969-)He started his Wushu training when he was six. He has won first place in several martial arts tournaments both in China and in the U.S.; subsequently he has been invited to be a judge at numerous martial arts tournaments. He was a student of Sha Guozheng (, 1904-1993), a prominent practitioner of Baguazhang, Xingyiquan, Taijiquan, and Tongbiquan. He currently teaches Taijiquan, Xingyiquan, and Baguazhang in Athens, Georgia; and is the chief coach of the U.G.A. martial arts team. He is also pursuing his Ph.D. degree at the University of Georgia. See his photo demonstration under Xingyiquan.

Cheung, Kerry He began his Hongjiaquan training when he was five with his father, Raymond Cheung. He is now an instructor of Hongjiaquan and a practitioner of Lion Dancing. Through the introduction of his father, he has also been training at the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute since 2000. He has competed in many West Coast North American Wushu competitions and attained many gold medals and all-around championships. See his photo demonstration under Hongjiaquan.

Cheung, Purdy She began her Hongjiaquan training at age five with her father Raymond Cheung. She is now an instructor of Hongjiaquan and the drummer for the Lion Dancing team. Through the introduction of her father, she has also been training at the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute since 2000. She has competed in many Wushu competitions and attained many gold medals. See her photo demonstration under Hongjiaquan.

Cheung, Raymond A prominent practitioner of Shaolin Hongjiaquan. He was the Vice President of the West Coast Martial Arts Association, Vice President of Wushu B.C., and the Vice President of the Confederation of Canadian Wushu Organizations. He was instrumental in the organization of several west coast international Wushu championships and the Canadian Wushu team selections. See his photo demonstration under Nanquan.

Chi Kung see Qigong

Chiang, Che Cheng A native of Taiwan, he started his Wushu training when he was a child. He is a prominent practitioner of TCM traumatology and a prominent promoter of Wushu. He was the director and head coach of the Taipei City Guoshu. He attained over twenty gold medals in all Taiwan and international Sanshou competitions. In 1968, he was invited to Japan and Korea to teach Wushu. He was awarded a ninth degree black belt. He has a Master's and a Ph.D. degree in Oriental Medicine, and received a professor certificate from the state of California. He is currently the President of the U.S.A. Chinese Kung Fu Association, President of the International Wushu Federation, and president and chairman of many other organizations. He has organized eight World Cup International Wushu Championships. See his photo demonstration under Dao.

Chin, Chris A member of the Canadian Wushu team. He has been a gold and silver medalists many times in U.S. and Canadian national Wushu competitions. He studied at the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute from 1992 to 1997. Later, he also trained under Li Wenqi, Bruce Fontaine, and Fred Whitting. See his photo demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.

Chin, Douglas A member of the Canadian Wushu team. He has been a U.S. and Canadian national gold medalist and all-around champion many times in international competition routines. In the 1995 World Wushu Championships held in the U.S. he attained a silver medal in the compulsory saber category, and in the 1999 World Wushu Championships held in Hong Kong, he attained fourth place in the compulsory spear category. He studied at the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute from 1992 to 1997. Later, he also trained under Li Wenqi, Bruce Fountaine, and Fred Whitting. See his photo demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.

Chongqing City One of China’s four municipalities that is under the direct jurisdiction of the central government. Chongqing is located next to the Yangtze River within Sichuan Province. It is the newest of the four Chinese cities that are under the direct jurisdiction of the central government. It has a population of over 30 million people as of 1999.

Choy Lay Fut see Cailifoquan

Chuanquan Translated as Boat Fist. In the Wuxing area of Zhejiang Province, people often tie two boats together and set up a platform for a fighting competition. Chuanquan was the result of these competitions. There are many barehanded and weapon routines in this style.

Chui A hammer like weapon (Drawing C-6). The hammer head can be shaped like a cube, sphere, or melon. It can have long handles or short handles. Long handled chui are usually used as one weapon, where as short handled chui are often used in a pair. Traditional chui were made of bronze or iron. They can weigh up to 20 Kg each.

Figure C-32: Tiangangchui / Wu Wen-Ching

Chung, Andrew He began his martial arts training in 1969. His teachers include: Chang Yuan-Wei, Huang Wei-Lun, Lee Kwong Ming. His foundation training comprised of the Hakka Tanglangquan (Southern Praying Mantis), Baimeiquan, and Yongchunquan. He later studied the Internal Styles of Taijiquan, Baguazhang, Xingyiquan, and Liuhebafa. In the 1980's he was the gold medalist in numerous competitions in the United States. For the past decade, he has served as a judge and an advisor for numerous national competitions in the U.S. He is also an active promoter of martial arts competitions within the state of Florida where he resides and has been teaching since 1979. See his photo demonstration under Nanquan.

Chuojiao Translated as Piercing Feet. This is a style that focuses primarily on the applications of the feet. It is classified as Changquan. Legend has it, that Wu Song , a hero of the Song Dynasty (960-1126) used Chuojiao to defeat his adversary. Wu Song was also known for his heroic feat in killing a man-eating tiger with his bare hands. "Wu Song Strikes the Tiger " is a very well-known story in Chinese folklore. Wu Song is credited as the founder of this style.

Figure C-33: Chuojiao/Michael Li

Cohen, Kenneth S. The Executive Director and founder of the Qigong Research and Practice Center. He is a world renowned health educator, China scholar, and Qigong practitioner with more than thirty years experience. He is the author of the internationally acclaimed book, The Way of Qigong. He currently teaches Qigong, Taijiquan, Baguazhang, and Xingyiquan in Nederland, Colorado, U.S.A. More about him and his school can be found at www.qigonghealing.com. See his photo demonstrations under Wudang Wushu and Xingyiquan.

Comet Hammer see Liuxingchui

Cane see Guai

Concealed Weapons see Wushu Anqi

Contemporary Wushu see Xiandai Wushu

Cotton Fist see Mianquan

Cotton Palm see Mianzhang

D

Dabeiquan Legend has it, that it originated during the Ming Dynasty. It was a style practiced by the monks at the Henan Shaolin Temple and at Wutaishan . Dabeiquan is based on the teachings of the Buddhist Dabeizhou . In the 1960’s, a high priest, Qiyun Fashi , taught this style in Beijing.

Practitioners of Dabeiquan are required to recite a phrase from the sutra along with each posture. Its characteristics include that of Taijiquan, Xingyiquan, and Baguazhang. There are two routines in this style. They are Bashiliushi and Yibaiershiliushi .

Information provided by Yuan Shaoliang.

Figures D-1 and D-2: Dabeiquan/Yuan Shaoliang

Dachengquan Also known as Yiquan and translated as the Great Accomplishment Fist. It was created by Wang Xiang-zhai (, 1885-1963). Wang learned Xingyiquan from Guo Yunshen . Later, Wang focused on the yi component, discarded the xing component of Xingyiquan, and focused on standing postures to develop internal strength, and created Yiquan. Wang traveled extensively all over China and exchanged techniques with Wushu practitioners throughout China. Because Wang was also good in Taijiquan, Baguazhang, and Shaolin Wushu, and had a high level of attainments, people later referred to his creation of Yiquan, as Dachengquan, meaning the great achievement style. This was because he was able to integrate the essence of different Wushu styles into Yiquan.

Figure D-3: Dachengquan/Zhang Shu-Fang

Figure D-4: Dachengquan/William Chau

Dagger see Bishou

Damo (?-536) Damo or Bodhidharma was the 28th generation successor of Chan Buddhism from Southern India. He came to China in the 520’s. According to legend, he traveled from Guangdong, then to Henan Shaolin Temple. He is regarded as the father of Chan Buddhism in China. For lack of a better choice and lack of definite information, and also to honor him, many Shaolin Wushu and Qigong methods were credited to him.

Dang It is a long weapon with a spear head and a moon shaped piece below the spear. Around the moon shaped piece are sharp ring blades (Drawing D-1). Dang are usually over 8 feet long and may weigh up to 200 pounds.

Dao It is to a curved and bladed weapon with a short or long handle, such as a saber. Dao is known as baibingzhidan or the spirit of all weapons. Dao movements are described as a fierce tiger. Dao has many different types including: Dandao , Shuandao , Dadao , Guangong-dadao , Chunqiudada , Qinglongdadao , Jiuhuandadao , Pudao , Duandao , Yaodao , Miaodao , and Xiaoshuangshou . In the ancient military and Wushu, the commonly used dao were: Dandao, a single saber; Shuangdao, a double saber; Dadao; and Pudao.

Dadao (Drawing D-2) is known as the baibinzhishuai or the commander of all weapons. Pudao (Drawing D-3), also referred to as Shuangshoudai is shorter and lighter than the Dadao, but longer than a single saber. It was the choice weapon for many legendary generals in ancient China.

Figures D-5 and D-6: Qinglongdadao (100 plus pounds)/Liang Shou-Yu

Figure D-7: Pudao/Wu Wen-Ching

Figure D-8: Butterfly Knives/Sunny Tang

Figure D-9: Zhanhuadao /Maria Liang

Figure D-10: Dadao/Mike Sigman

Figure D-11: Dadao/He Tao

Figure D-12: Dadao vs. Saber/Chiang Che Cheng

Figure D-13: Double Sabers/Malee Khow

Figure D-14: Saber/Irene Chen

Figure D-15: Pudao/Zhang Peng

Figure D-16: Saber/Rafael De La Cruz

Daopai This style originated from Shaolin Wushu. It was taught by a monk named Ruilong . Many of the Shaolin Buddhist monks were counterrevolutionary against the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Emperor persecuted the Shaolin monks everywhere they went. To disguise himself and his teachings, monk Ruilong named his Wushu, Daopai, so as to mislead his persecutors.

The notable practitioners of this style include: Yu Yunlong , Yu Mei , and Chen Dou . The known routines include: Yingtouquan , Zhongweiquan , Sijinggangquan , Damoquan , Shiba Luohanquan , Dianluohanquan , Zhifawhenlu , and Rouqiao . Daopai also has many different weapon routines and sparring sets.

Figure D-17: Daopai Quangong /Paul Chen

Dashaozigun see Gun

Dashengmen see Houquan

Deer Hook see Yuanyangyue

De La Cruz, Rafael He began his martial arts training in 1969 and has continued his Wushu training with Wu Wen-Ching since 1999. He is a Way of the Dragon School assistant instructor; and he is the Vice President of the Latin American Operations for the GTECH Corp. See his photo demonstration under Wushu Bingqi.

Diaojiaquan Translated as Diao Family Fist. Legend has it, that it originated in Jiangxi Province and spread to Meixian and Xingning in Guangdong Province.

Dishuquanfa Translated as Ground Dog Style. It is also known as Digongquan and Gouquan . Known for kicking techniques executed after intentionally falling to the ground, and other ground fighting techniques. There are over ten known routines in this style.

Ditangquan Translated as Ground Style. This style was recorded in the Ming Dynasty Martial Classic of Jixiaoxinshu by Qi Jiguang . Qi indicated the existence of ground fighting methods of Qiandie Zhang . Other known ground fighting information includes the Internal Family Fist’s 72 Ground Fighting techniques . Ditangquan uses offensive ground fighting techniques to engage their opponents. Some known traditional barehanded routines include: Jiugunshibadie , and Jiudishibagun ; weapon routines include: Guntangdao and Gunlongqiang .

Figure D-18: Splits Breakfall/Dianne Naughton

Figure D-19: Ditangquan/Joel Timons

Du Cane, John (1949-) One of the prominent figures in the promotion of healing and martial arts in the United States. He was born in South Africa and was educated in England where he earned a Masters Degree in English Literature from Cambridge University. He began his Qigong and Taijiquan practice in 1975 with many prominent practitioners from China, England, and North America; including the practitioners: Chiu, Choi, Liang Shou-Yu, Wu Wen-Ching, Chen, Terry Dunn, Paul Dillon, and Ken Cohen. Since 1990, he has owned Dragon Door Publications, a mail order house and publisher for resources on Qigong, healing, fitness, and internal martial arts. He is the author of four instructional videos on Qigong and a form guide for animal Frolic Qigong. See his photo demonstration under Qigong.

Drunken Style see Zuiquan

Duanbang see Gun

Duanbin Boji Short weapon sparring. This is a fighting competition category in Wushu. In this competition, competitors must follow the specific rules and guidelines for the use of short weapons.

Figures D-20: Short Weapon Sparring/Zhang Shu-Fang and Zhao Li-Ying

Figure D-21 Short Weapon/Zhao Li-Ying

Dumen Translated as Du Family Style. In the 1600’s, Du Guanyin of Sichuan taught many students in Chengdu . Dumen uses the Zijiqishen philosophy from Yijing . The known routines of this style includes: Simenquan and Baiheizhuang . Its fighting training includes: Yinyangshou , Taijishou , Wuxingshou , and many types of weapon training.

Dunhuangquan A Wushu style based on the drawing, Dunhuang Bihua . Its movenents are graceful and firm, containing both defensive and offensive applications. The movements of the fist, palm, hook, claw, fingers, and the entire arm are closely associated with the energy channels in the body. Dunhuangquan is a physical exercise that is good for toning the body, weight loss, and illness prevention. It is also entertaining to watch and enjoyable to perform. The known routines include: Dunhuangquan and Dunhuang Rings .

Information provided by Zang Lijuan.

Figure D-22: Dunhuangquan/Zang Lijuan

Figure D-23: Dunhuang Rings/Zang Lijuan

E

Eagle Claw Style see Yingzhuaquan

Eight Trigram Palm see Baguazhang

Emei Piercer see Emeici

Emei Shaolin Translated as Shaolin Wushu of the Emei Mountains. It inherited its training from the Shaolin Temple. The Emei Shaolin routines are, however, no longer available in the Henan Shaolin Temple. This style contains both hard and intricate neutralizing techniques. It is a style with routines containing only practical Sanshou applications. The known routines include: Tiangan , Qixing , Heihu , Tianhe , Feilong , and Bafa .

Figure E-1: Heihuquan/Liang Shou-Yu

Figure E-2: Heihuquan/Wu Wen-Ching

Figure E-3: Huweitui /Andrew Wu

Figure E-4: Tianganquan/Derek Cheng

Emei Shierzhuang Translated as Emei Twelve Postures. Legend has it, that the Chan Buddhist priest, Baiyun , created this style in the Emei Mountains. He combined Taoist, Medical, and Buddhist philosophy with Qigong, and created this style during the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). There are twelve steps in their training. Thereby, the name, Shierzhuang.

Figure E-5: Emei Shierzhuang/Chen Jian

Emei Wudang Neijiaquan Translated as Internal Style of Emei and Wudang. According to legend, a wandering Taoist from Emei named Wang Loadao went to the Wudang Mountains to study Neijiaquan which was created by Zhang Sanfeng . Wang further developed what he learned and it became known as Emei Wudang Neijiaquan. There are five known barehanded routines and one staff routine.

Emei Wushu This is a term referring to all the styles that originated from the Emei Mountains. Emei Wushu is one of the three major groups of Wushu styles in China. The others are Shaolin and Wudang Wushu. The Emei Mountains are considered one of the four major Buddhist mountains in China, as well as, one of the famous Daoist mountains. The Emei Mountains are located at the southwestern part of Sichuan Province. The peak of the Emei Mountains reaches an elevation of 3,099 meters above sea level, making it the highest peak in the Sichuan Valley. There are also numerous Buddhist temples in these mountains.

Emei Wushu includes the essence of both Shaolin and Wudang Wushu. As early as the Ming Dynasty, there had been written documentation of Emei Wushu. During the Qing Dynasty, more and more styles began to surface from the Emei Mountains. There are over 300 Emei Wushu styles with over one thousand barehanded and weapon routines. Many of the specific Emei styles are introduced under their own heading.

Figure E-6: Erzhichan /Haideng Fashi

Figure E-7: Emei Eagle Claw/Lu Xiaoling

Figure E-8: Libaishiyijian /Chen Jian

Figure E-9: Emei Jingangquan /He Tao

Figure E-10: Emei Shequan /Maria Liang

Figure E-11: Emei Kuaishuaiquan /He Tao

Figure E-12: Emei Spear/Lu Xiaoling

Figure E-13: Emei Sword/Lu Xiaoling

Figure E-14: Emei Double Swords/Li Rong

Figure E-15: Chuanlinjian/Li Rong

Emeici Translated as Emei Piercer. This was a weapon used in ancient water combat. It is a short piece of metal which is thick in the middle and tapered to sharp ends. It has a spinable ring in the middle for the fingers to fit through (Drawing E-1). Emeici are usually used in a pairs.

Figure E-16: Emeici/Kelly Maclean

Emeipai Quanshu Dantaolu Translated as Individual Wushu Routines of the Emei Mountains. There have been many well-known routines taught in the Emei Mountains. Many of these routines are practiced by practitioners of other styles and have been incorporated into other styles. They have lasted for a long time and have spread all over China.

These routines include: Shisantaibaoquan , which was taught in the palace of the Qing Dynasty and combined the essence of 72 different routines into one; and Liuchengquan , which was created over 200 years ago by a Emei Mountain monk by imitating the movements of white crane and the legendary green dragon. There are many others including: Jianzhuangquan , Emei Luohanquan , Jiji Sanshiliufa , Sanhuaquan , Emei Meihuaquan , Emei Zuibaxian , Xiaofuhu , Emei Neijiaquan , Songxi Sanshou , Emei Xiaohongquan , Jianzhuangquan , Emei Shazhou , Xiaojingan-quan , Emei Gongliquan , Emei Taiquan , Kongmen Ruanshou , Manjianghong , and Sipingdazhenquan .

F

Fangmen Translated as Fang Family Style. This is an Emei Style. Fang Shunyi created Fangmen by combining Shaolin with Xingyiquan and "Xiao " style. There are twelve known barehanded routines and five weapon routines.

Fanziquan Translated as Turning Body Fist. It was recorded as Bashanfan during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) by General Qi Jiguang . Fanziquan is classified as Changquan. Its movements are described as "Two fists are fast like the falling rain drops, and fast like a snapping whip". Fanziquan routines are usually short and fast.

In the 1860’s, after a failed revolt against the Qing empire, Fanziquan and Chuojiao practitioner, Zhao Shanyi , retreated to Hebei Province and taught Fanziquan and Chuojiao there. It was then that Fanziquan also spread to Shenyang . Yu Boqiang was a well-known Fanziquan practitioner from Shenyang. In the 1930’s, it spread to Sichuan Province.

Some of the known traditional routines include: Chuibafan , Kaoshoufan , Caishoufan , Qinshoufan , Liushoufan , Yanqingfan , Yingzhuafan , Gunbangfan , Sanshoufan , and Jianzhongfan .

Figure F-1: Fanziquan/Guo Jianhua

Figure F-2: Fanziquan/Wu Wen-Ching

Figure F-3: Fanziquan/Hui Mo

Farrands, Barry He has been studying Wushu since 1995 with Wu Wen-Ching. He is an assistant instructor at The Way of the Dragon School. He is also a long distance runner and medal winner in many races. See his photo demonstration under Shaolin Wushu.

Fenghuolun see Quan

Finger, Steve He has been studying martial arts since 1971 and began his Wushu training in 1986 with many leading Wushu practitioners in the United States. He is a database applications developer. He is currently based in Connecticut, U.S.A. See his photo demonstration under Wushu Bingqi.

Fontaine, Bruce He is a prominent Wushu practitioner. He was a member of the Canadian Wushu team in 1986. He began his Wushu studies with Cailifoquan. In the middle of the 1980's, he began studying Wushu from Liang Shou-Yu. He received two Bronze medals in the Second World Wushu Invitational Championships. He is a member of the Board of Directors and Wushu Form Chairman of Wushu B.C. He has appeared in many Hong Kong action movies. He currently teaches in Canada. See his photo demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.

Fu An ax. Fu usually refers to a short handled ax (Drawing F-1). Long handled axes are referred to as yue (, Drawing F-2). Short axes are practiced singularly or in a pair. In ancient times, long axes were used by practitioners on horseback.

Fu, Zhongwen (1907-1997) One of the best disciples of Yang Chengfu , and one of the most prominent representatives of Yang Style Taijiquan. He was the founder of the Yongnian Taijiquan Club in 1944, a Shanghai City Taijiquan instructor from 1958-1971, and the Vice Chairman of the Shanghai Wushu Association in 1979. His whole life was dedicated to the teaching and promotion of Taijiquan. He has taught many outstanding Taijiquan students. He the author of an authoritative book, Yang Style Taiji Saber. See his photo demonstration under Taijiquan.

Fujian Hequan Translated as Fujian Crane Style. This is one of three major crane styles. Fujian Hequan includes four unique characteristics. They are the Zonghequan (, Ancestral Crane), Shihequan (, Ravaging Crane), Feihequan (, Flying Crane), and Minghequan (, Shrieking Crane). The more predominant characteristics of each are: the vibrating power of Zonghequan, the hooking and clawing movements of the Shihequan, the flapping arms of the Feihequan, and the loud shrill sound emitted along with the applications of the Minghequan.

Also see Baihequan and Wuzuquan.

Fujian Province A Chinese province located at the southeastern part of continental China which borders the Taiwan Strait to its southeast. It covers over 121 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 32 million people as of 1999.

Fujian Shaolin Temple see Shaolin Temple

Funk, Jon He was a Chairman of the Western Canada Chinese Martial Arts Association. He is a promoter of Tiger Balm International Karate-Kung Fu Championships, and has a monthly column in Black Belt Magazine titled "Legends of Kung Fu". He is an 8th generation practitioner of Tanglangquan. He is a member of the Board of Directors and the Traditional Wushu Form Chairman of Wushu B.C. He teaches Seven Star Preying Mantis Kung Fu in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. See his photo demonstration under Tanglangquan.

Fushi Wushu Fu Style Wushu. Towards the end of the 1920’s, five northern Wushu practitioners traveled south to Guangdong and other southern provinces to teach Wushu. They were known as the "Five tigers that went south of the Yangtze River ". One of them was Fu Zhensong . He was a native of Henan Province and studied under many prominent Wushu instructors. He was the head coach of Guangdong and Guangxi, and the head coach at the Nanjing Central Guoshu Institute. Yang Chengfu and Sun Lutang were his good friends and training partners. Fu Zhengsong absorbed the essence of the other styles and founded Fushi Wushu. Some of the well-known Fushi Wushu routines include: Fu Style Taijiquan, Taiji Shandianzhang , Bagua Longxing-zhang , Chongfengquan , Xianrenzhang , Liangyi-quan , Sixiangquan , Taiji Shandianchui , Bagua Xunfengdao , Zhanshenqiang , Wudang Feilongjian , Luanpijian , Bagua Qimengun , and many sparring routines.

Fu Zhensong had many prominent disciples including: Fu Yonghui, Sun Baukang, Lin Chaozhen, Liang Richu, Liang Qiangya , Cui Rongji , and Li Huangsheng. His son, Fu Yonghui continued his father’s legacy and by continuing Fushi Wushu in Guangdong Province for over 60 years. Today, there are many other well-known Fushi Wushu practitioners in the U.S., they include: Johnny Kwong Ming Lee , Mark Bow-Sim , Nick Gracenin, Jose Johnson, Joel Timons, etc.

Figure F-4: Fu Style Taijiquan Lightning Palm/Liang Qiangya

Figure F-5: Fu Style Bagua Dragon Palm/Liang Qiangya

Figure F-6: Fu Style Spear/Liang Qiangya

Figure F-7: Fu Style Bagau Staff/Liang Qiangya

Figure F-8: Lianyiquan/Nick Gracenin

Figure F-9: Fu Style Baguazhang/Jose Johnson

G

Gacki, Tadeusz (1954-) One of the most significant figures in the promotion of Wushu in Poland. He began his martial arts training in 1967. He was the Vice President of the first Polish Commission of Kung Fu/Wushu. He was the first person to organize Polish national Wushu competitions. In 1994, he assisted in the founding of the Polish-Chinese Association of Wushu (Nanbei) and was its first vice president. He has authored three Qigong books. Many of his students are Polish and U.S. national and international Wushu champions. See his photo demonstration under Changquan.

Gansu Province A Chinese province located upstream of the Yellow River which borders Inner Mogol to its northeast. It covers over 453 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 25 million people as of 1999.

Gao, Xian A graduate of Xian Sports Institute in Shanxi with a masters degree in sports science, specializing in martial arts. He was a China national Fanziquan and Tongbeiquan champion in 1982 and 1983. He has appeared in over thirty movies. He has over 20 years of teaching experience. Many of his students are now famous athletes and action stars. He currently teaches in New York, U.S.A. See his photo demonstration under Piquaquan.

Goh, Anthony One of the most significant organizers and contributors of Wushu in the United States. He is currently the President of the United States Wushu-Kung Fu Federation (U.S.A.W.K.F.), the President of the Pan American Wushu Federation (PAWF), and an organizer of the International Wushu-Kung Fu Festival and Championships. In 1995, he organized the Third World Wushu Championships in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. It was the first world Wushu championship in North America. He is a prominent practitioner of several Wushu styles and known for his Sanshou abilities. For more information about him and U.S.A.W.K.F. please visit www.usawkf.org. See his photo demonstration under Kejiaquan.

Goldberg, Herb He is a prominent Taijiquan practitioner in Atlanta, Georgia. He is an advisor of the U.S.A. Wushu Kung Fu Federation, a national judge of Taijiquan and Push Hands. He currently teaches in Atlanta, Georgia. See his photo demonstration under Taijiquan.

Gongfu 1. The pinyin romanization of Kung Fu. 2. An attainment gained through the input of time and effort into a particular discipline.

Gong, Henry He is a prominent Wushu instructor in the New York area. He has been teaching Wushu for over twenty-eight years. He has taught his unique concepts on Lower Spinal Rotation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Delaware. His past and present affiliations include the Amateur Athletic Union and the National Association of Asian American Professions. He currently teaches in New York City. See his photo demonstration under Changquan.

Gou A hook sword. It is a narrow blade sword with a hook at the tip of the sword, a moon shaped blade next to the handle of the sword, and a sharp end (Drawing G-1). It is an ancient short weapon that can be practiced singularly or as a pair. There are many well-known gou routines including: Chagou , Xinggou , Shiersugou , Xuepiangou , and Juanjiangou .

Figure G-1: Double Hook Swords/Liu Yu

Gracenin, Nick He is a prominent all-around martial artist in the United States. He studied Fushi Wushu from Mark Bow-Sim. He has also studied many other Wushu styles and routines, especially the International Wushu competition routines. He has taught many outstanding students, and is a significant contributor to the development of Wushu in the U.S.A. Prior to studying Wushu, he had already attained a fifth level black belt in Karate. He was the third place all-around champion at the Second World Wushu Invitational Tournament. He was also an executive member of the International Wushu Federation. See his photo demonstration under Fushi Wushu.

Great Accomplishment Fist see Dachengquan

Ground Style see Ditangquan

Gu, Daijuan Also known as, Jennifer Gu. She graduated from the Guangzhou Athletic University in 1987. She was a former instructor at Huanan Normal University . She was a Canadian national Taijiquan champion and a member of the Canadian National Wushu team. She currently teaches in Canada. See her photo demonstration under Taijiquan.

Guai A cane. This is also referred to as Guaizi . It is a crutch or cane that can be used to assist in walking. A traditional guai looks like a rod with a smaller piece extending from the upper part (Drawing G-2).

Figure G-2: Guai/Tony Bujas

Guangdong Province A Chinese province located at the southeastern part of continental China which borders the South China Sea to its south. It covers over 178 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 71 million people as of 1999.

Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu An autonomous region in southern China which borders Guangdong to its east and Beibu Gulf to its south. It covers over 236 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 46 million people as of 1999.

Guizhou Province A Chinese province located south of the Yangtze River which borders Sichuan to its north and Guangxi to its south. It covers over 176 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 36 million people as of 1999.

Guoshu Another term for Chinese martial arts. It literally means national art of China. It is also romanized as Kuo Shu.

Gun A pole. It is also referred to as a bang . It is a pole (Drawing G-3) made from a piece of wood or metal. It is known as the head of all weapons . A gun is a long weapon that is usually about the height of person from their feet to their eyebrows or taller. Often times, when the term gun is used, it refers to a cylindrical stick that is tapered from one end to the other, such as, the trunk of a small tree. When the term bang is used, it refers to a cylindrical pole having the same diameter throughout its length.

A pole longer than the distance between the practitioner's feet and eyebrows is considered a long weapon. Shorter poles are known as duanbang (, Drawing G-4), short staff. It is also referred to as biangan . Short staffs are used singularly and as a pair. The shorter length makes it an easy weapon to carry around. Some well-known short staff routines include: Shisanbian , Sanshiliubian , Tuolobian , and Liu-panbian .

There are also poles that are connected with chain links such as the Sanjiegun and Dashaozigun . Sanjiegun is a three sectioned staff chain-linked together (Drawing G-5). It is classified as a flexible weapon. Dashaozigun is a two sectioned staff chained-linked together (Drawing G-6). It is also classified as a flexible weapon. The well-known pole routines include: Shaolingun , Ziweigun , Qingtiangun , Zhaotaizu Tengshegun , Bazigun , Yudayougunfa , and many others.

There is a legend that during the peaceful and prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty, even the Shaolin Temple had lost the original nature of the Shaolin pole applications. A Ming Dynasty general, Yu Dayou , went to the Shaolin Temple and taught the practical pole applications to the Shaolin monks. General Yu also selected two martial monks from the Shaolin Temple to study pole techniques in the military. Three years later, the monks returned to the temple and reestablished the fierce and practical nature of the Shaolin pole techniques. Later, Cheng Chongdou went to the Shaolin temple to study Shaolin pole techniques and wrote about it. Cheng’s book is the well-known, Shaolin Gunfa Chanzong .

Figure G-3: Carrying a Staff in Resting Stance/Li Wenqi

Figure G-4: Hougun/Wu Wen-Ching

Figure G-5: Monkey Staff/Hu Jianqiang

Figure G-6: Biangan/Lu Biao

Figure G-7: Three Sectional Staff/Derek Cheng

Figure G-8: Staff/Katrina Leung

Figure G-9: Staff/Hilbert Yiu, Jr.

Guo, Jianhua He began his Wushu training at the age of seven in Hubei, China. He studied under the direction of Professor Wen Jinmin and Liu Yuehua. He trained and competed professionally for both Wuhan Institute Professional Team and the Hubei Professional Team. He was the head coach of the Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and Hubei Provincial Team from 1972 to 1986. He has published several research articles on the study and training of martial arts for teenagers. He came to the U.S. in 1987 as a professor at Ball State University in Indiana. In 1991, he founded the Championship Martial Arts Academy in Chicago, Illinois. He has taught many martial arts champions and movie stars, including: Chris Farley, Anthony Marquez, and Daniel Pesina. See his photo demonstrations under Fanziquan and Yumenquan.

H

Haideng Fashi (1902-1989) Also known as Fan Wubing . He was a prominent practitioner in the recent past. At age 21, he became a monk in the Emei Mountains and trained in Yizhijin , Erzhichan , Tongzigong , and Shaolin Wuquan . He was the former Henan Shaolin Temple Abbot and Vice Chairman of the China Buddhist Association. See his photo demonstration under Emei Wushu.

Hainan Province A Chinese island province located off the southern part of continental China. It covers over 34 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 7 million people as of 1999.

Halberd see Ji

Hammer see Chui

Hao, Zhihua A former member of the Beijing Wushu team and a Wuyin title recipient. She has attained forty-five top three places in China national Wushu championships, including nineteen gold medals. She was a member of the China Wushu team that performed in many countries. She is a graduate of the Beijing Physical Education University. Upon graduation she remained on as a Wushu instructor for the university. She currently lives in the United States. See her photo demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.

Hard Whip see Bian

He, Fusheng (1910-1998) A prominent Wushu practitioner in China. He inherited his Wushu from his family and also learned from many prominent Wushu practitioners. He learned Chaquan from Wang Ziping and Ma Liang ; Bajiquan from Ma Yingtu ; Xingyiquan from Huang Bonian , Jiang Rongqiao , and Zu Guofu ; and Shuaijiao from Hong Wu . He was the Assistant Dean of Education at the Central Guoshu Institute in 1938. He was well-known for his fast takedown ability, and was nicknamed "Maqiansandao Hekuaijiao ". He was the Wushu coach of the Yunnan Provincial team. He was a committee member of the Chinese Wushu Association and a Chairman of the Yunnan Wushu Association. In 1988, he received the "Wushu Contribution " award. Later, he also received the "Sport Pioneer Award of New China " award. See his photo demonstrations under Huaquan and Taijiquan.

He, Tao A former head coach of the Guangdong Dongguan City Sports Association . He began his Wushu studies under Liang Shou-Yu in 1970 and continued until Liang Shou-Yu immigrated to North America in 1981. He is a Seventh Level Black Belt in Wushu and a Sixth Level Black Belt in Sanshou Dao. He has trained many gold medalists for provincial and national Wushu competitions in China. He was also an all-around champion in the 1983 Sichuan Provincial Wushu Competition, and gold medalist in 1987 for his sword performance in a China National Competition. He received his Wuyin title in 1987, became a world competition fighting judge in 1996, and became a national level coach and judge for lion and dragon dancing competitions. He currently teaches in San Francisco, California. See his photo demonstrations under Tongbiquan, Emei Wushu, Yuanyangyue, and Dao.

He, Weiqi One of three prominent female swordsmen in the 1970’s. In 1974, she was the featured performer in the first official Wushu Delegation to the United States and performed at the White House. She was the senior Wushu coach for the youth at the Shanghai Sports Palace from 1976 to 1989. Her team won the first place honor for seven years in a row at the Shanghai National Junior Wushu competitions. She has received numerous awards from China and abroad, including the prestigious China’s Coaches of Excellence award. She has taught thousands of students all over the world. She has both appeared in and been the action choreographer for many action movies. She is the cofounder of the 18-form system of Taiji Qigong now practiced around the world. In August 2000, she was featured on the Friday Evening News with Peter Jennings. See her photo demonstrations under Jian, Quan, Taijiquan, and Wudang Wushu.

Hebei Province A Chinese Province located downstream and north of the Yellow River which borders Shandong, Tianjin, Bejing, and Liaoning to its east, and borders Shanxi to its west. It covers over 183 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 65 million people as of 1999.

Heilongjiang Province A Chinese Province located at the most northeastern part of China which borders Russia to its north and east, and borders Jilin to its south. It covers over 543 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 37 million people as of 1999.

Henan Shaolin Temple see Shaolin Temple

Henan Province A Chinese province located downstream and to the south of the Yellow River and borders Jiangsu to its east. It covers over 167 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 93 million people as of 1999.

Ho, Fred A gold and silver medalist in western U.S. international Wushu competitions. He has been a judge at Canadian National Wushu competitions. He is a S.Y.L. Wushu Institute instructor. He is also included in the book, China’s Contemporary Wushu Masters . See his photo demonstrations under Yanqingquan and Wushu Sanshou Dao.

Holmes, Michael He is a Second Degree Black Belt in Wado Kai Karate, a First Degree Black Belt in Nisei Karate, and a First Level Black Belt in Wushu Sanshou Dao. See his photo demonstration under Wushu Sanshou Dao.

Hong, Yijiao A member of the U.S. Wushu team. She was a U.S. National Grandchampion in Internal Styles many times. In 1998, she was named Athlete of the Year in the U.S.A. In the 1999 World Wushu Championships held in Hong Kong, she attained seventh place in the compulsory Taiji Sword category. She is a graduate of Zhejiang University with a degree in Physical Education and a majored in Wushu. She was also a former Wushu teacher at Zhejiang University. She was a chief instructor of the Wushu team and former faculty member at the Zhejiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In 2001, she was certified by the International Wushu Federation as an International Wushu Forms Judge. She currently teaches in Seattle, Washington, USA. See her photo demonstrations under Xiandai Wushu and Taijiquan.

Hongjiaquan Translated as Hong Family Fist. It is one of the major Southern Styles. This style was created by Hong Xi-guan of Fujian Province during the Qing Dynasty. It is also popular in Guangdong Province and Southeastern Asian nations. Hong learned his Wushu from Zhishan , a Chan Buddhist monk from Fujian Shaolin Temple. Hong Xiguan was also the character featured in the novel Wangnian Qing written in the later part of the Qing Dynasty. Some of its rotuines include: Sipingliuzhen , Sanjian , Tiejian , Shixing , Huhe Shuang-xinguan , Gong-zifuhuquan , Wu-xingquan , Shixing-quan , Huquan , and Hequan . Its characteristics include using sounds to assist in power emission. Some well-known practitioners in Hongquan include: Tie Qiaosan , Huang Feihong , and Lin Shirong .

Figure H-1: Hongjiaquan/John Leong

Figure H-2: Hongjiaquan/Ken Low

Figure H-3: Hongjiaquan/Saleem Alamudeen

Figures H-4 and H-5: Hongjiaquan Matching Set/Purdy Cheung and Kerry Cheung

Hong Kong A Special Administrative Region in China, located in the South China Sea which includes Hong Kong Island. The total area is about one thousand square kilometers. Hong Kong means fragrant harbor in Chinese. It was originally part of the Guangdong Province until after the Opium War in 1842, when it was ceded to British rule. Hong Kong was under British rule for nearly one and a half centuries until 1997, when it was returned to China and became a Special Administrative Region of China. Hong Kong has a population of over 7 million people.

Hongmen There are two legends to the origin of this style. The first legend believes that it was created by Emperor Zhao Taizu . His face was always hong or red. Therefore, the style was named Hongquan and later became known as Hongmen.

The second legend believes that in the year 1661, the defeated Ming Dynasty general, Zheng Chenggong , organized a counterrevolutionary force against the new Qing Dynasty. The organization used the name Hongmen because the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty was known as Hongwu . It gradually evolved into two distinct divisions, the Northern and the Southern Hongmen. There are over forty-five known barehanded routines, over seventeen weapon routines, and eight application training methods.

Hongquan Translated as Red Fist. Hongquan is popular in Shanxi and Sichuan. Legend has it, that it was passed down by Jueyuanshangren during the Yuan Dynasty. Hongquan is classified as Changquan.

Figure H-6: Xiaohonguqan /Maria Liang

Hongzhimen Legend has it, that Hongzhimen was created by the Daoist, Hong Jun Laozu . Later this style was combined with the "Zhi " style and became known as Hongzhimen. Hongzhimen places its primary focus on Qigong training. Its Wushu movements are open and extended. There are six known barehanded routines, two weapon routines, and seven application training methods.

Hook Sword see Gou

Hoover, Paul He began his Wushu training in 1977 and has been studying from Wu Wen-Ching since 1990. He is a computer consultant. He currently teaches Taijiquan at the Community College of Rhode Island and in the New England area. See his photo demonstration under Nanquan.

Houquan Translated as Monkey Style. Houquan is believed to have existed several thousand years ago. It was recorded in the Ming Dynasty book, Jixiaoxinshu by Qi Jiguang. Houquan is an imitation style mimicking the movements of a monkey It is also known as Dashengmen .

Figure H-7: Monkey Staff/Hu Jianqiang

Howey, Ayron He is an instructor at the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute and the University of British Columbia Sanshou class. In 1999, he was the gold medalist in the Pan American Wushu Championships and silver medalist in the Canadian National Wushu Competition in the 65-70 Kg Sanshou division. In 2001, he was the gold medalist in the 65 to 70 Kg Canadian National Sanshou competition. He was selected to represent Canada at the 6th World Wushu Championships. He is a Third Level Black Belt in Wushu Sanshou Dao. See his photo demonstrations under Wushu Sanshou Dao and Cha.

Hsing Yi Chuan see Xingyiquan

Hsu, Adam (1941-) A prominent Wushu practitioner known for his vast knowledge about many traditional Wushu styles. His principal teacher was the late Liu Yun-Chiao . He has a master’s degree in Chinese literature from Taiwan. He was the General Secretary of the National Kung Fu Federation of Taiwan, Instructor to the Republic of Liberia, and Member of the Republic of China National Kung Fu Delegation. He was the editor and publisher of Wu Tang Martial Arts Magazine, and a senior editor of the Kung Fu Library of Wu Chow Publishing Company. He has written several books and over one hundred articles in English and Chinese. He has been featured and honored by numerous magazines throughout the world. He is the founder of the Traditional Wushu Association. More about him can be found at www.adamhsu.com. See his photo demonstration under Bajiquan.

Hu, Jianqiang He is a famous movie star and Wushu practitioner. He is best known for his starring role in the movie, Shaolin Temple. He became a choreographer in Hong Kong for various movies. He has also appeared in, Kids From Shaolin, North and South Shaolin, and Shogun. He was a member of the Zhejiang Provincial Wushu Team, and won numerous all-around titles. He represented China eleven times and performed Wushu in over thirty nations. He is one of the most outstanding athletes, coaches, and performers in China. He has demonstrated in numerous TV shows that were well received by the audience. He currently teaches and operates a successful school in Connecticut, U.S.A. See his photo demonstrations under Shaolin Wushu, Houquan, and Gun.

Hu, Zehua Also known as Simon Hu. He began his Wushu studies at age twelve under the legendary Wang Ziping; and Wang Jurong, Wu Chengde, and many other prominent Wushu practitioners in China. He is well-versed in all areas of Wushu including the ti, da, shuai, and na components. Under the guidance of Wang Ziping and Wu Chengde, he has also excelled in Qigong and traumatology. He has been a judge at U.S. and Canadian National Wushu competitions and is a founding member of the Confederation of Canadian Wushu Organizations. He currently teaches in Toronto, Canada. See his photo demonstration under Wangshi Wushu.

Huakoumen This is an Emei Style. Huakoumen focuses on one handed applications, neutralization training; and utilizes Yin-Yang, Five Elements, and Bagua as its training philosophy. There are sixteen known routines in this style and various weapons training.

Huang, Rena A 1991 graduate of the Beijing Academy of Performing Arts . She is a first class actor in China. She has received several outstanding performance awards for her performances in Chinese National and Beijing dance competitions. She has starred in several major dance productions and represented China in good will performances overseas. She has also appeared in many movies and TV shows. After immigrating to Canada, she began studying Wushu at the S.Y.L. Institute. See her photo demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.

Huang, Wei-Lun Born in Guangzhou, China where he began his studies of Taijiquan since he was a child. He is a prominent Taijiquan practitioner in the United States. He has been teaching and giving workshops in the U.S., South America, and Europe since 1984. His Taijiquan teachers were Lu Zi Ling, a student of Yang Chengfu, and Ou Yong Ju, the President of the Foshan Wushu Association. His Liuhebafa teacher was Wang So Ting of Shanghai. He currently teaches in Florida, USA. See his photo demonstration under Taijiquan.

Huanglinpai Translated as the Yellow Forest Style. This is an Emei Style. It is credited to an old Taoist priest of the Wannian Temple in the Emei Mountains. During the reign of the Qing Emperor, Yongzheng (, 1723-1735), the emperor gave an order to arrest all nonmilitary martial artists. As a result many martial art practitioners gathered at Jiufeng Mountain as a sanctuary to practice their Wushu and to share their Wushu with youngsters that came to learn.

The leaves of the ginkgo or the maidenhair trees in the Jiufeng Mountains turn a golden yellow color in the Fall. Thereby, the style was named Huanglin, meaning Yellow Forest. The known barehanded routines include: Sipingquan , Dengzhuangquan , and three Hulongquan , a weapon routine known as Yanlindao , and a training method referred to as Meirenzhuang .

Figure H-8: Huolongquan/Derek Cheng

Huaquan Translated as Flower Fist. According to legend, this style was created by Gan Fengchi of the Qing Dynasty. It is a short range style. Huaquan focuses on offensive and defensive techniques. There are over eighty-eight specific fighting and takedown techniques.

Huaquan Translated as Hua Mountain Fist. Legend has it, that this style was created by the Cai brothers during the Song Dynasty in the Sandong area. The Cai brothers were prominent Wushu practitioners who taught their relatives their Wushu. Because their ancestors were originally from the Hua Mountains, their style was later named Huaquan.

Another explanation for the naming of the style is believed to be from the training of jing , qi , and shen . Jing, qi, and shen are also known as the three hua , or three pure essences. By combining the three hua into one it becomes Huaquan. Huaquan is classified as Changquan.

Figures H-9 and H-10: Huaquan/He Fusheng

Figure H-11: Huaquan/Michael Li

Huatao Wuyi A term referring to the performance art derived from traditional Wushu, and practiced for the purpose of entertaining audiences. It is also referred to as Huaquan Xiutui , which literally means "flowery fist and embroidered feet". That is, of no combat value.

Since the Ming Dynasty, peace and raising prosperity in the cities brought about a greater need for cultural entertainment. Some of these needs were met by Wushu practitioners wandering into the cities from the countryside. In order to make a living, many Wushu practitioners became street performers. Their amazing abilities were warmly received and further promoted the increase in the artistic value of Wushu. As a result, more and more artistically expressive Wushu routines were created. The Chinese opera and ethnic dances had also been significantly influenced by Wushu. The popularity of combat performances in the Chinese opera and ethnic dances pushed the popularity of Huatao Wuyi to its height.

From an artistic perspective, it was a wonderful development. From the Wushu standpoint, Huatao Wuyi had lost its original nature. For this reason, the Ming Dynasty military officer, Qi Jiquang, forbade his troops to learn it. However, for people that didn’t know Wushu, it was very entertaining. Therefore, the development of Huatao Wuyi continues even today.

Hubei Province A Chinese province located at the mid-stream of the Yangtze River and borders Sichuan to its west. It covers over 185 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 59 million people as of 1999.

Huen, Siu Hung A member of the Canadian Wushu team in 1985. He began studying Internal and External Style Wushu from Liang Shou-Yu in 1982. He has attained many gold and silver medals in several international Wushu championships, and was included in the book, China’s Contemporary Wushu Masters . He is a S.Y.L. Wushu Institute instructor. He has trained many Wushu athletes that have attained outstanding marks in international competitions. See his photo demonstration under Wuji Xiaoyaopai.

Huheshuanxingquan Translated as Tiger-Crane Routine. This is a southern style routine created by Lin Shirong during the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the republic. Lin was from Pingzhou , Nanhai . Lin studied his family Wushu then studied from Wu Quanmei , Huang Feihong , etc. He based his creation on Hongiaquan and Foquan , with the characteristics of the tiger and crane. Thereby, the name Huheshuanxingquan, meaning Tiger-Crane Paired Shaped Routine. This routine consists of 108 postures.

Figure H-12: Huheshuanxingquan/Tony Bujas

Hui, Mo A gold medalist in the 1997 U.S. National Wushu championships in Nine Sectioned Chain, and a Silver medalist in the Canadian National Sanshou competition. He is an instructor at the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute. He is a graduate of the University of British Columbia with a degree in Computer Science. He is also included in the book, China’s Contemporary Wushu Masters . See his photo demonstrations under Tongbiquan, Fanziquan, Bian, and Xiandai Wushu.

Huimen This style was created by Song Luhua of Shandong Province. Huimen training includes: meditation, visualization, and intention training. The movements are usually accompanied with small steps and lower stances. The known routines include: Yangjianquan , Nazhaquan , Hamaquan , Hudiequan , Shetouquan , and Rope Dart.

Hunan Province A Chinese province located south of the Yangtze River which borders Hubei to its north and Guangdong to its south. It covers over 204 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 65 million people as of 1999.

Hung Gar see Hongjiaquan

Huquan Translated as Tiger Routine. This term refers to an imitation routine that mimics the characteristics of a tiger or leopard. There are many Huquan routines including: Huquan , Heihuquan , Huxingquan , Xingyi Hubaoquan , Menghu Xiashanquan , Ehuquan , Baihuquan , and Huzhuaquan .

Huxingquan Translated as Tiger Style. This is one of the imitation type Southern Styles. It imitates the tiger’s characteristics in its movements. It was created by Zhou Zihe of Fujian Province. It focuses on short range applications emphasizing the strength of the fingers or the claws. Some of the known routines include: Sanzhan , Simen , Wufei , Bagua , Qixing , Xiashanhu , and Yibailinbashi .

I

Inner Mongolia see Nei Mongol Zizhiqu

Internal Style see Neijiaquan

I.W.S.D. see Wushu Sanshou Dao

J

Jay, Bok Tong Also known as Tony Jay. He is a prominent instructor of Lamapai Kung Fu, Taijiquan, and Qigong. He currently teaches in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. See his photo demonstration under Lamapai.

Jeet Kune Do see Jiequandao