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Glossary
This glossary includes
many Wushu styles, Wushu practitioners, Wushu weapons, and Wushu
terms that practitioners of Chinese martial arts can refer to. It
is by no means a complete list of all the possible terms in
Wushu, but we believe we have compiled the most inclusive list of
Wushu styles in one book. Next to the description of the styles
and weapons we have included many photos of practitioners of
these styles and weapons. All styles and weapons are described
under the Chinese pinyin romanization and cross referenced with
the English equivalent.
It is not our intent,
nor is it possible, to fully describe each and every style in one
book. Our intent in this glossary is to present the rich variety
of Wushu styles that are available. There are even more styles
that have not been included in this glossary. To learn the
specifics of each Wushu style we have presented in this glossary,
you will need to study from an instructor of that particular
style and or other resource. Hopefully, the information given in
this book will stir your curiosity to learn more about the
different styles out there.
In the list of the known
routines named under each style, we have selected some
representative routines. It is by no means a complete list of the
routines of that style. Also, in our research we found some
discrepancies in the information from different sources. We have
presented what is available to us. Again, to learn more knowledge
about a specific style, please study with a qualified
practitioner of the style.
The practitioners whose
photos appear in this glossary are introduced under the
practitioners name. We have included many of the most
outstanding Wushu practitioners and instructors today. With their
photos, we hope you will gain a better understanding of the
characteristics of the style they represent. Many of these
practitioners are prominent figures in multiple Wushu styles. Due
to a limitation of typesetting space, we were only able to
include some photo demonstrations and a short biography (125
words) of the practitioners. If you would like to know more
details and accomplishments about the practitioners, please
contact them directly.
The authors have put a
lot of effort into compiling the biographies and photographs of
the many practitioners. It is their hope that their efforts will
help promote not only these practitioners, but Wushu in general,
and to help prospective students of Wushu find teachers that suit
their particular needs. No payment was received from the
practitioners included in this glossary. The authors believe and
wish that these practitioners will continue to be pillars of
Wushu and our society.
At the end of this
glossary are two addendums listing many other practitioners not
included in the main section of the glossary. Next to their names
we have included the last known location of these practitioners.
The authors hope that with these lists and the descriptions in
the main section of the glossary you will have a good starting
point for locating a practitioner in your area.
There are several
different standards used in the romanization of Chinese
characters to the Roman alphabet. They include pinyin,
Wade-Giles, Yale, Gouyu, and Hong Kong. The romanization system
used in this volume is the pinyin system. Pinyin is the official
romanization system of the Peoples Republic of China which
was adopted in the 1950s. It is now widely adopted and
accepted in China and abroad. The pinyin system of romanization
is generally spelled more phonetically than other romanization
systems.
China is a vast country
with over fifty ethnic groups. Each ethnic group has their unique
dialect of Chinese. Even though the dialects may differ from one
region of China to the next, the written language is the same. In
the pinyin romanization of the Chinese characters, we have used
the official dialect, Mandarin putonghua or guoyu.
If there is any
confusion regarding the romanization of the Chinese characters
using other systems, look up the term in this glossary. We have
cross referenced many terms with other romanizations. For
individuals that can read Chinese characters, we have included
most of the Chinese characters in this glossary. The characters
are placed next to the translated term or the pinyin, in
alphabetical order.
Unlike the common
English way of writing or addressing people by their first name,
Chinese surnames are placed ahead of the given name. This
sometimes causes confusion to readers. Many people are unable to
tell which is the first name and which is the surname. Most
Chinese names are three syllables long, one for the surname and
two for the first name. There are, of course, exceptions. The
given name (first name) is often romanized with a hyphen (-) with
each of the syllables in the given name capitalized or is lumped
together in a romanized form with only the first letter
capitalized. Chinese names all have a significant meaning to the
individual, each syllable in the name can be a word. The
combination of syllables can add to the meaning of an individual
word, or can have a totally different meaning if written
separately or in a different context. In this glossary, all names
are listed in alphabetical order with the last name first.
A
Alamudeen, Saleem
He began his Wushu training in the early 1970s. He
is a prominent practitioner of Hongjiaquan in the U.S. He is
also a practitioner of Taijiquan, Baguazhang, Xingyiquan, and
Qigong. He currently teaches at the Lam Tang Kung Fu Academay
and the Circle Center Tai Chi School See his photo
demonstration under Hongjiaquan.
Anhui Province
A Chinese province located on the eastern part of China. The
Yangtze River runs right through this province. It borders
Jiangsu Province to its east and covers over 139 thousand
square kilometers with a population of over 61 million people
as of 1999.
Arsenalt, Al One
of the founding members of the International Wushu Sanshou
Dao Association (IWSD); and a martial arts instructor and a
police officer for the Vancouver Police. He is currently the
President of the IWSD. He is well-known for his ground
control techniques, Karate, Judo, Jujitsu, Taijiquan,
Shuaijiao, Qinna, and Qigong abilities. He received a gold
medal for his performance in the 1994 Shanghai International
Wushu Festival. He is a sixth level black belt in Wushu
Sanshou Dao. See his photo demonstration under Wushu
Sanshou Dao.
Ax see Fu
B
Ba A rake
(Drawing B-1). It evolved from a farming tool into an ancient
military and Wushu weapon.
Baguazhang An
Internal Style Wushu also romanized as Pa Kua Chang, and
translated as Eight Trigram Palm. This style originated from
the Emei Mountains. One of the major branches of Baguazhang
came from Dong Haichuan (1813-1882), a Qing Dynastys
royal bodyguard from Heibei Province who traveled to the Emei
Mountains and learned Baguazhang. He received his inspiration
from Daoist teachings and derived the Baguazhang Style.
Dongs students had already studied other martial arts
before learning from him. Therefore, Baguazhang has developed
many different characteristics since Dong himself.
There are other
sources of Baguazhang other than from Dong Haichuan. Some
believe that the Priest Gao Xian of the Hebei Province
also learned it in the Emei Mountains. His Baguazhang was
known as the Hard Eight Palm . Also, in Hebei Province,
Wang Zhaoxian and Tian Hui from Beijing both practiced
variations of Baguazhang from the Emei Mountains. Their
Baguazhang is over 300 years old, and is not directly related
to Dong Haichuan. However, the most influential development
of Baguazhang is from the Dong Haichuan lineage.
The theoretic
foundation of Baguazhang is based on the Yijing (,
Book of Changes). Bagua or the eight trigrams are the basic
elements of the Yijing. This style integrates circular
stepping and energy circulation with martial arts movements.
The movements are always changing, spinning and turning,
while rapidly moving in curvilinear patterns. Its movements
are described as, "Walk like a dragon, retrieve and spin
like an ape, change momentum like an eagle, and calm and
steady like a still tiger". In its applications,
Baguazhang uses motion against an opponents stillness,
and stresses the use of rapid stepping and turning movements
to evade an opponents frontal attacks. One of the most
predominant characteristics of Baguazhang is the use of palms
(zhang) for its applications, thus the style is named
Baguazhang.
Figure
B-1: Bagua Zhuanzhang /Zhao Ziqiu
Figure
B-2: Bagua Sanshou Saber/Wang Shutian
Figure
B-3: Baguazhang Application/Liang Shou-Yu and
Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
B-4: Baguazhang Application/Jerry Alan
Johnson
Figure
B-5: Swimming Body Baguazhang /Helen Liang
Figure
B-6: Jiulong Baguazhang/John Painter
Figure
B-7: Bagua Low Stance Training/Sam Masich
Figure
B-8: Bagua Deer Hooks/Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
B-9: Bagua Saber/Yang Fukui
Figure
B-10: Baguazhang/Robert Ross
Figure
B-11: Baguazhang/Zhang Li
Figure
B-12: Baguazhang/Zhang Hong Mei
Figure
B-13: Bagua Saber/Thomas Uva, Robert Ross,
Denise Breiter-Wu, Jeffrey Lykins, Howard
Means, Ryan May, Frank Whitsitt-Lynch
Baihequan Translated
as White Crane Style. This is a Southern Style. The
characteristics of the White Crane style include light and
agile movements; short, but ever changing, hand movements;
and a whiplike manifestation of power from the waist. The
origin of Baihequan is believed to have been passed down from
Fang Huishi who learned his martial arts from the Southern
Shaolin Temple and later taught it to his daughter, Fang
Qiniang . The time period was between 1662 and 1735.
Legend has it, that
Fang Qiniang was on her way home from washing clothes one day
and observed a great white crane on the roof of her home.
Driven by curiosity and apprehension that the crane would
damage the clothes she hung out to dry, she took a stick and
attempted to scare the crane away. When she tried to hit the
head of the crane, the crane moved its head and extended its
wings to defend against the strike. When she tried to hit the
wings of the crane, the crane agilely jumped away and used
its claws to deflect the stick. When she tried to spear to
the cranes body, the crane shook its wings, while
retreating and striking forward with its beak.
Fang Qiniang was
amazed and impressed with the cranes ability and
studied the crane movements. From then on, the crane rested
on the roof of her home everyday, and she attacked the crane
to study its movements. She then combined her Southern
Shaolin martial arts training with the crane movements and
created Baihequan.
Also see Fujian
Hequan and Wuzuquan.
Figure
B-14: Baihequan/Jeff Bolt
Figure
B-15: Fujian Hequan/Augustine Ngu
Baimeiquan Translated
as White Eyebrow Style. This is an Emei Style. Legend has it,
that it was created by a Taoist priest named Baimei. The
known routines include: Xiaoshizi , Dashizi , Sanmenbagua
, Shibamoqiao , and Menghuchulin . This style is
popular in Guandong Province, Hong Kong, and many
Southeastern Asian nations.
Figure
B-16: Baimeiquan/Ken Low
Bajiquan
Translated as the Eight Extreme Fist. It is commonly believed
that Bajiquan was known as Baziquan as recorded in the
Ming Dynasty Wushu classic, the New Book of Effective
Disciplines (). The modern version of Bajiquan is
believed to have been passed down from Wu Zhong
(1712-1802). According to legend, Wu Zhong learned his
Bajiquan from a wandering Daoist. Its characteristics include
explosive power, stomping the foot, and utilizes close range
movements in its applications.
Figure
B-17: Old Bajiquan/Adam Hsu (photo by Marie
Anthony)
Figure
B-18: Big Frame Bajiquan/Michael Li
Figure
B-19: Bajiquan/Tony Chen
Barbosa, Fred He
began his Wushu training from Wu Wen-Ching in 1999. He is a
Way of the Dragon School assistant instructor, and a Systems
Engineer for Fleet Bank Boston. See his photo
demonstration under Wushu Bingqi.
Batuo The
first Abbot of the Shaolin Temple. Legend has it, that
Emperor Xiaowen built the Shaolin Temple for Batuo to
teach Buddhism in 495 A.D. He was there for over thirty years
before Damo.
Beijing City
The capital of China and one of Chinas four
municipalities that is under the direct jurisdiction of the
central government. It is a political, economic,
transportation, science, and cultural center. Bejing is
located in the Northeastern part of China, about 150
kilometers from the Bohai Sea. It covers over 16 thousand
square kilometers, with a population of over 12 million
people as of 1999.
Beipai Beipai
is used as opposed to Nanquan. This term refers to Wushu
styles originating in the areas above the Yangtze River in
China.
Benglong Wushu
This term refers to the Wushu developed by the Benglong
ethnic people living in the Yunnan Province. The Benglong
people are known for their bravery and love of Wushu. Their
Wushu is known as Zuoquan , meaning Left Fist. When engaged
in combat or competition, their winning blow often comes from
their left fist, thereby, the term Zuoquan. Benglong Wushu
has high stances. They have a weapon routine known as
Benglongdao .
Bian A whip.
It can be one piece or chain linked. This term refers to
weapons with whip-like characteristics. Chain linked bian
include the Seven, Nine (Drawing B-2), or Thirteen Sectioned
Chain. A one piece bian is a hard whip. Zhujieganbian (,
Drawing B-3) is a hard whip with the body carved into
bamboo-like sections with sharp protrusions.
Figure
B-20: Nine Sectioned Chain/Hansen Lee
Figure
B-21: Nine Sectioned Chain/Hui Mo
Figure
B-22: Double Chain/Joel Timons
Figure
B-23: Saber and Chain/Sam Li
Biangan see
Gun
Bishil, Hassan
(1968-) Born in the city of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. In 1987,
Mr. Bishil started Wushu training in his home country. Three
years later, he began traveling around the world seeking out
Wushu and Qigong teachers. He has studied on a one-to-one
basis with several prominent Wushu and Qigong teachers in
China, Hong Kong, and North America. Since 1992 he has been
teaching and holding workshops in Saudi Arabia and the U.S.
He is a member of the International Wushu Sanshou Dao
Association. See his photo demonstration under Tanglangquan.
Bishou Refers
to a double edged dagger (Drawing B-4). It is also referred
to as duanjian or short sword. It is classified as a small
weapon, used for close range applications. Bishou is used
singularly or in a pair.
Bodhidharma see
Damo
Bolt, Jeff
One of most significant contributors to the promotion of
Wushu in the United States. He was one of the first to
organize national Wushu competitions in the United States. He
has been the director of U.S. National Chinese Martial Arts
tournaments since 1986. He was instrumental in forming a
national Wushu federation and has served as an administrator
for several organizations. He was the Vice President of
U.S.A.W.K.F. and was the Sanshou coach of the U.S. National
Wushu Team. He currently teaches in Texas, USA. See his
photo demonstrations under Changquan and Baihequan.
Boziquan Cripple
Style. This style was created by a Chan Buddhist priest,
Jinyun . It imitates the characteristics of a handicapped
or injured person in its movements. There is only one known
routine with over 80 movements.
Breiter-Wu,
Denise She is the editor of this book and many others.
She is a former elementary school teacher and movement
therapist. She is the cofounder, and now works as the
director, an instructor, and an editor at The Way of the
Dragon School and Publication Company. She has been
practicing Wushu, Taijiquan, and Qigong for over 20 years.
She is the wife of Wu Wen-Ching and the mother of Andrew Wu. See
her photo demonstrations under Baguazhang, Chaquan, and
Wangshi Wushu.
Bujas, Tony
Also known as Ante Bujas. He is a Third Level Black Belt in
Wushu Sanshou Dao. He is also an instructor of Xingyiquan,
Baguazhang, and Sanshou at the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute. He
studied Hongjiaquan for ten years, and has been studying
Internal Style Wushu and qigong from Shou-Yu Liang for more
than ten years. See his photo demonstrations under Huheshunxingquan,
Guai, and Wushu Sanshou Dao.
C
Cailifoquan One
of the Southern Styles of Guangdong Province. This style was
created by Chen Heng . Chen first learned Fojiaquan from
his father. Later, he also studied Liquan from Li Youshan
and Caiquan from Cai Fu . Chen combined the essence
of the three styles and created Cailifoquan. This style is
popular in Guangdong, Foshan , Hong Kong, Europe, and
America. There are numerous routines in this style. Its
movements are described as "Still like static water when
on guard, and attack like a hungry leopard catching its
prey."
Figure
C-1: Hongsheng Cailifoquan /Wong Tat-Mau
Figure
C-2: Cailifoquan/Mak Hin Fai
Figure
C-3: Xiongsheng Cailifoquan /Sam Ng
Figure
C-4: Liuyedao /Hilbert T.S. Yiu
Figure
C-5: Panlonggun /Hilbert T.S. Yiu
Caiquan Translated
as Cai Family Fist. This style was created by Cai Boda and
Cai Jiuyi . They were monks from Fujian Shaolin Temple.
Later, it was spread to Guangdong Province by the monk Cai Fu
. It is one of the major Southern Styles in Guangdong
today. Some of the known routines include: Shiziquan ,
Dayuntian , Xiaoyuntian , Tianbianyan , Lusuimei ,
and Liangyisixiangquan .
Canbimen Translated
as Silk Reeling Style. This style originated from Huang
Yichuan of Jiangxi Province. Canbimen focuses on coiling
and neutralizing. Its movements are continuous like the
reeling of silk, thus the term Can, meaning silk or silk
worm. There are over seventy known barehanded routines,
thirteen weapon routines, and thirteen Sanshou training
methods.
Figure
C-6: Inviting Hand/Zhao Ziqiu
Cangzhou Wushu
This term refers to the Wushu styles known in the Canzhou
area. Cangzhou is located in Hebei Province. Historically,
Cangzhou was poor. To make matters worse, the government
officials were corrupt and took advantage of the people. To
defend themselves, the Cangzhou people had to train Wushu.
There were many
other factors which made Cangzhou a gathering place for Wushu
practitioners. Many Wushu practitioners were exiled to
Cangzhou. Some were sent there as prisoners and some were
there to hide from government persecution. Because of the
many talented Wushu practitioners in Cangzhou, ancient armed
guards would humble themselves when passing through Cangzhou,
so as not to anger them.
There have been many
Wushu styles which have originated from Cangzhou. In the
recent past, many patriots from Cangzhou successfully
defeated many foreign challengers. These prominent Wushu
practitioners include Wang Ziping , Li Guanming , Ding
Faxiang , and Zhang Zhankui . They all left behind many
exciting stories.
Carroll, Sam He
began his martial arts training in 1982, and has been
studying Wushu from Wu Wen-Ching since 1993. He is an
instructor at The Way of the Dragon School and is currently
pursuing a graduate degree in Ocean Engineering. See his
photo demonstration under Shaolin Wushu.
Case, Ron He
is a First Degree Black Belt in Nisei Karate and a Wushu
practicitioner. He is the leader of the S.Y.L. Wushu
Institute Hard Qigong Performance team. See his photo
demonstration under Wushu Sanshou Dao.
Central Guoshu
Institute The national martial arts organization founded
in Nanjing in 1928 by Zhang Zhijiang . It was
responsible for organizing national competitions, training
Wushu instructors, testing, and promoting Wushu. It was later
relocated in Sichuan and closed in 1949. Many graduates of
the Central Guoshu Institute are currently leading Wushu
professors, coaches, and Wushu leaders in China. Also see
Guoshu.
Cha A fork
like weapon. There are many types of cha. Cha were used for
hunting and fishing, and gradually evolved to become Wushu
weapons. Long cha usually consist of three prongs with a pole
extension (Drawing C-1). Short cha are also referred to as
Nancha (, Drawings C-2 and C-3). Nancha are typically used in
pairs and practiced mostly in Southern Styles.
Figure
C-7: Southern Cha/Ayron Howey
Figure
C-8: Cailifo Cha/Hilbert T.S. Yiu
Chain see Bian
Chan A
Buddhist practice following the Sutrayana practices of the
Mahayana Vehicle. It is also romanized as Zen from the
Japanese pronunciation. The original word came from the
Sanskrit word, "dhyana".
Chan A
shovel. It evolved from a farming tool into a weapon. Ancient
monks living outside of the temples often used this weapon.
It was used to carry heavy weight, make paths when traveling
in the mountains, and as a self-defense weapon. Well-known
chans include: Fangbianchan (, Drawing C-4) and Yueyachan (,
Drawing C-5).
Figure
C-9: Yueyachan/Wang Ziping
Chan, Paul He
began his Wushu training in 1942. He is the disciple of Chen
Dou , a prominent practitioner of Daopai. He is also
well-known for his Hongjiaquan and Cailifoquan. He is the
first president of the Confederation of Canadian Wushu
Organizations and the president of the Canadian National
Chinese Martial Arts Federation. See his photo demonstration
under Daopai.
Chang, Chung-Jen
He is a prominent practitioner of Taijiquan. He was a
consultant for the highly acclaimed movie, Pushing Hands.
He has produced several instructional Taiji videos and hosted
a Taijiquan cable TV program. He was a grandchampion at a
national Taiji tournament and has judged competitions in
various localities. He is especially well-known for his
remarkable fluidity and flexibility. During his 20 plus years
of teaching, he has developed his own successful system of
increasing the flexibility of the body. His wide range of
studies include: Taiji Daoyin, Chen Style Taijiquan, Yang
Style Taijiquan, Taiji Sword, and Push Hands. He currently
teaches in Maryland, USA, and gives workshops throughout
North America. See his photo demonstration under Taijiquan.
Changjiang see
Yangtze River
Changquan Long
Fist. This is a term referring to the many Northern Style
Wushu including: Chaquan, Huaquan, Paoquan, Hongquan,
Liuhequan, Yanqingquan, etc. Changquan movements are usually
long, open, and extended. It includes many fast and agile
maneuvers, as well as, high jumps and aerial kicks.
Modern competition
Changquan routines have absorbed the characteristics of
Chaquan, Hongquan, Huaquan, Paoquan, Hongquan, in its
routines. Changquan is suited for youngsters learning Wushu
because it sets a solid foundation for studying other styles
of Wushu. In Modern Wushu competitions, Changquan routines
must include a proper fist, palm, and hand hook; and the five
basic stances, gongbu , mabu , pubu , xubu , and
xiebu . The routines must also contain a definite amount of
punching, palm striking, elbow striking, spring kicking, high
sweep kicking, low sweep kicking, and slap kicking
techniques. They must also contain a definite amount of
balancing, jumping, and tumbling techniques.
Figure
C-10: Lift Knee and Flash Palms/Liang Shou-Yu
Figure
C-11: Changquan Closing Posture/Zou Yinghui
Figure
C-12: Block Up in Empty Stance/Liang Shou-Yu
Figure
C-13: Changquan/Liu Yu
Figure
C-14: Changquan/Liu Yu
Figure
C-15: Gongliquan /Jeff Bolt
Figure
C-16: Changquan/Sanford Lee
Figure
C-17: Changquan/Katrina Leung
Figures
C-18 and C-20: Wushu Basics/Derek Cheng,
Fremont Woo, Tjhie Wei Tjong, William Lai,
Michael Holmes, Mo Hui, Yang Chen-Han, Perry
Lo, and Fred Ho
Figure
C-19: Changquan/Tadeusz Gacki
Figure
C-21: Changquan/Henry Gong
Figure
C-22: Jumping Side Kick/ Yang Chen-Han and
William Lai
Figure
C-23: Changquan/Ivan Wong
Chaquan A
major Wushu style. Its training content is both systematic
and complete. Chaquan, Huaquan, Hongquan, Paoquan, and
Tantuimen are from the same origin. It has traditionally been
very popular among the Hui ethnic Chinese. The Hui people are
predominately of the Muslin faith giving the Chaquan style a
very close tie to the Chinese Muslin community. It is not
surprising that the practitioners of Chaquan in the past have
mostly been the Hui ethnic Chinese. In 1928, when the Central
Guoshu Institute was founded, Chaquan became one of the
primary required studies at the institute. The teachers were
all Hui ethnic Chinese.
There are many
legends concerning the origin of Chaquan. There are
inconsistent records indicating the origination period of
Chaquan. There are records that indicate it originated during
the Tang Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty. Despite
the inconsistency in the date of origin, these records all
consistently indicate that this style was founded by a
practitioner with the last name Cha. Cha began teaching his
martial arts in the Shandong area. Later, the martial arts
that Cha taught, spread all over China and became known as
Chaquan. The exact origin still needs to be verified with
more research.
One legend has it,
that during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), General Cha Gelu
led five thousand Hui soldiers to stop the largest revolt
during the Tang Dynasty. The revolt was known as Anshizhiluan
. General Cha was successful in stopping the revolt, but he
was also injured during the engagement. Cha recuperated in
Guanxian County of Shandong Province. While he was there,
he taught his Wushu to the Hui ethnic Chinese. To remember
and honor him, practitioners named their Wushu, Chaquan.
Another legend has
it, that Cha Mier created Chaquan in the beginning of the
Ming Dynasty. Yet, another legend, believes it was created by
Cha Shangyi , an Hui ethnic Chinese from the northeastern
part of China.
There are ten
bare-handed Chaquan routines. Each routine is made up of 30
to 60 techniques. Each application can be practiced
individually or with a partner. The movements start from the
very basic to the more advanced, containing lively and
intricate maneuvers. Each routine has its training key words
and phrases that go with the techniques to assist the
practitioner in memorizing and understanding the
applications. Each routine, also has its particular emphasis
and focus. The ten routines are: Yilu Muzi , Erlu Xingshou
, Sanlu Feijiao , Silu Shengping , Wulu Guandong ,
Liulu Maifu , Qilu Meihua , Balu Lianhuan , Jiaolu
Longbaiwei , and Shilu Chuanquan .
Chaquan is a major
representation of Changquan styles. Modern Changquan routines
are all based on Chaquan and Huaquan foundations. Well-known
representatives of Chaquan in the recent past include: Wang
Ziping and Zhang Yingzheng .
Figure
C-24: Suohouqiang /Wang Jurong
Figure
C-25: Wulu Chaquan/ Wang Jurong
Figure
C-26: Balu Chaquan / Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
C-27: Wulu Chaquan /Grace Wu
Figure
C-28: Silu Chaquan/Wang Jurong
Figure
C-29: Simendao /Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
C-30: Chaquan/Denise Breiter-Wu
Figure
C-31: Chaquan/Betty Lew-Watson
Chau, William
President of the Chinese Wushu Association ( ) in Ontario,
Canada and a lifetime member of the Hong Kong Chinese
Medicine Association . He is a prominent practitioner in
Tantuimen, Piguaquan, Fanzi Yingzhuamen, Cailifoquan,
Mizongquan, Dachengquan, and traumatology. See his
photo demonstration under Dachengquan.
Chen, Bill He
is a prominent Wushu practitioner in Texas. He was a Wushu
instructor at the University of Washington. He was a judge at
many U.S. National Wushu competitions. He is one of Liang
Shou-Yu's students. In the early 1980's, he was responsible
for inviting Liang Shou-Yu to teach Wushu at the University
of Washington. See his photo demonstration under Liuhemen.
Chen, Irene A
member of the Canadian Wushu team. She was a gold medalist
many times in U.S. and Canadian international Wushu
competitions in the compulsory Nanquan and other categories.
She is a S.Y.L. Wushu Institute instructor and is included in
the book, the Chinas Contemporary Wushu Masters
( ). See her photo demonstration under Dao.
Chen, Jian
Also known as Chen Dingfu and nicknamed Luyadaoren . He
is the 23rd generation head instructor of the O-Mei Qigong
and Sword School . In his youth, he was a member of the
Sichuan Wushu team winning numerous gold medals. He was a
Wushu instructor at Chengdu Physical Education College and a
head instructor at Chengdu City Police Academy. He is also a
prominent practitioner of traumatology. Currently, he teaches
and does his healing practice in San Francisco, California,
U.S.A. See his photo demonstrations under Emei
Shierzhuang and Emei Wushu.
Chen, Tony
Also known as Chen Zhaohui. He learned Wushu from his father,
Chen Jian, since age six. He has been a gold medalist in
numerous national championships in China, and received his
Wuyin title in 1991. He was the U.S.A. Kickboxing Champion
and International Kung Fu Champion in 1997. He is the founder
of the O-Mei Kung Fu Academy in San Francisco, California,
USA. He is also the Chairman of the California Affiliate of
the International Wushu Sanshou Dao Association. He is a
Sixth Level Black Belt in Sanshou Dao. In 2000, he appeared
on the cover of Kung Fu Qigong Magazine. He has demonstrated
in several instructional videos. The instructors at his
school include many prominent Wushu practitioners. See his
photo demonstrations under Bajiquan and Tanglangquan.
Chen, Xiaowang
(1946-) A prominent representative of the 19th generation
Chen Style Taijiquan. He has been a Taijiquan gold medalist
and a recipient of Outstanding Performance awards many times
in China national Wushu championships. He has written two
books on Chen Style Taijiquan. He currently teaches in
Australia and gives workshops around the world. See his
photo demonstration under Taijiquan.
Cheng, Aiping
A former member and later became a coach of the Zhejiang
Wushu team. She attained gold medals in both double sword and
Sun Style Taijiquan, and a silver medal in Yang Style
Taijiquan in a National Wushu competition in China. She is
the demonstrator in the official Sun Style instructional
video produced by the China Sports Committee. In the 1970's,
she was a member of the Wushu Delegation to the United States
and performed at the White House. Since her immigration to
the U.S., she has been active as a judge in U.S. national and
international Wushu competitions. She currently teaches in
Connecticut, U.S.A. See her photo demonstrations under Taijiquan
and Mulanquan.
Cheng, Derek
A S.Y.L. Wushu Institute instructor. He is a Canadian
national Sanshou competition silver medalist in the 75-80
kilogram category. He is also included in the book, Chinas
Contemporary Wushu Masters . He is a Third Level Black
Belt in Wushu Sanshou Dao. In 2001, he was the gold medalist
in the 70 to 75 Kg Canadian National Sanshou competition in
1999. He was selected to represent Canada at the 6th World
Wushu Championships. In 2001, he was also certified by the
International Wushu Federation as an International Sanshou
Fighting Judge. He is a member of the Board of Directors of
Wushu B.C. See his photo demonstrations under Yingzhuaquan,
Huanglinpai, Emei Shaolin, Gun, and Wushu
Sanshou Dao.
Cheng, Kexin
A prominent Yijing and Bagua prediction practitioner. A
Sichuan native, also known for his Qigong and Sanshou
ability. He is the founder and chairman of the China
Kexingzhang Association , an International Wushu
Sanshou Dao Association affiliate. In his youth, he studied
Wushu and Sanshou from Liang Shou-Yu. He was also selected as
one of the top ten Qigong practitioners in China, in Whos
Who in the World , and Chinas Contemporary
Wushu Masters . He has written several books about
Bagua, Qigong, and healing. His students have received gold
medals for their Qigong and Sanshou abilities. He gives
workshops all over China and has been well received by both
Chinese and foreign students. Many magazines and newspapers
have dedicated articles about him. See his photo
demonstration under Kexingzhang.
Cheng, Shaoming (1969-)He
started his Wushu training when he was six. He has won first
place in several martial arts tournaments both in China and
in the U.S.; subsequently he has been invited to be a judge
at numerous martial arts tournaments. He was a student of Sha
Guozheng (, 1904-1993), a prominent practitioner of
Baguazhang, Xingyiquan, Taijiquan, and Tongbiquan. He
currently teaches Taijiquan, Xingyiquan, and Baguazhang in
Athens, Georgia; and is the chief coach of the U.G.A. martial
arts team. He is also pursuing his Ph.D. degree at the
University of Georgia. See his photo demonstration
under Xingyiquan.
Cheung, Kerry He
began his Hongjiaquan training when he was five with his
father, Raymond Cheung. He is now an instructor of
Hongjiaquan and a practitioner of Lion Dancing. Through the
introduction of his father, he has also been training at the
S.Y.L. Wushu Institute since 2000. He has competed in many
West Coast North American Wushu competitions and attained
many gold medals and all-around championships. See his
photo demonstration under Hongjiaquan.
Cheung, Purdy
She began her Hongjiaquan training at age five with her
father Raymond Cheung. She is now an instructor of
Hongjiaquan and the drummer for the Lion Dancing team.
Through the introduction of her father, she has also been
training at the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute since 2000. She has
competed in many Wushu competitions and attained many gold
medals. See her photo demonstration under Hongjiaquan.
Cheung, Raymond
A prominent practitioner of Shaolin Hongjiaquan. He was the
Vice President of the West Coast Martial Arts Association,
Vice President of Wushu B.C., and the Vice President of the
Confederation of Canadian Wushu Organizations. He was
instrumental in the organization of several west coast
international Wushu championships and the Canadian Wushu team
selections. See his photo demonstration under Nanquan.
Chi Kung see
Qigong
Chiang, Che Cheng
A native of Taiwan, he started his Wushu training when he
was a child. He is a prominent practitioner of TCM
traumatology and a prominent promoter of Wushu. He was the
director and head coach of the Taipei City Guoshu. He
attained over twenty gold medals in all Taiwan and
international Sanshou competitions. In 1968, he was invited
to Japan and Korea to teach Wushu. He was awarded a ninth
degree black belt. He has a Master's and a Ph.D. degree in
Oriental Medicine, and received a professor certificate from
the state of California. He is currently the President of the
U.S.A. Chinese Kung Fu Association, President of the
International Wushu Federation, and president and chairman of
many other organizations. He has organized eight World Cup
International Wushu Championships. See his photo
demonstration under Dao.
Chin, Chris A
member of the Canadian Wushu team. He has been a gold and
silver medalists many times in U.S. and Canadian national
Wushu competitions. He studied at the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute
from 1992 to 1997. Later, he also trained under Li Wenqi,
Bruce Fontaine, and Fred Whitting. See his photo
demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.
Chin, Douglas
A member of the Canadian Wushu team. He has been a U.S. and
Canadian national gold medalist and all-around champion many
times in international competition routines. In the 1995
World Wushu Championships held in the U.S. he attained a
silver medal in the compulsory saber category, and in the
1999 World Wushu Championships held in Hong Kong, he attained
fourth place in the compulsory spear category. He studied at
the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute from 1992 to 1997. Later, he also
trained under Li Wenqi, Bruce Fountaine, and Fred Whitting. See
his photo demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.
Chongqing City
One of Chinas four municipalities that is under the
direct jurisdiction of the central government. Chongqing is
located next to the Yangtze River within Sichuan Province. It
is the newest of the four Chinese cities that are under the
direct jurisdiction of the central government. It has a
population of over 30 million people as of 1999.
Choy Lay Fut see
Cailifoquan
Chuanquan Translated
as Boat Fist. In the Wuxing area of Zhejiang Province, people
often tie two boats together and set up a platform for a
fighting competition. Chuanquan was the result of these
competitions. There are many barehanded and weapon routines
in this style.
Chui A hammer
like weapon (Drawing C-6). The hammer head can be shaped like
a cube, sphere, or melon. It can have long handles or short
handles. Long handled chui are usually used as one weapon,
where as short handled chui are often used in a pair.
Traditional chui were made of bronze or iron. They can weigh
up to 20 Kg each.
Figure
C-32: Tiangangchui / Wu Wen-Ching
Chung, Andrew He
began his martial arts training in 1969. His teachers
include: Chang Yuan-Wei, Huang Wei-Lun, Lee Kwong Ming. His
foundation training comprised of the Hakka Tanglangquan
(Southern Praying Mantis), Baimeiquan, and Yongchunquan. He
later studied the Internal Styles of Taijiquan, Baguazhang,
Xingyiquan, and Liuhebafa. In the 1980's he was the gold
medalist in numerous competitions in the United States. For
the past decade, he has served as a judge and an advisor for
numerous national competitions in the U.S. He is also an
active promoter of martial arts competitions within the state
of Florida where he resides and has been teaching since 1979.
See his photo demonstration under Nanquan.
Chuojiao Translated
as Piercing Feet. This is a style that focuses primarily on
the applications of the feet. It is classified as Changquan.
Legend has it, that Wu Song , a hero of the Song Dynasty
(960-1126) used Chuojiao to defeat his adversary. Wu Song was
also known for his heroic feat in killing a man-eating tiger
with his bare hands. "Wu Song Strikes the Tiger "
is a very well-known story in Chinese folklore. Wu Song is
credited as the founder of this style.
Figure
C-33: Chuojiao/Michael Li
Cohen, Kenneth S.
The Executive Director and founder of the Qigong Research and
Practice Center. He is a world renowned health educator,
China scholar, and Qigong practitioner with more than thirty
years experience. He is the author of the internationally
acclaimed book, The Way of Qigong. He currently
teaches Qigong, Taijiquan, Baguazhang, and Xingyiquan in
Nederland, Colorado, U.S.A. More about him and his school can
be found at www.qigonghealing.com. See his
photo demonstrations under Wudang Wushu and Xingyiquan.
Comet Hammer see
Liuxingchui
Cane see Guai
Concealed Weapons
see Wushu Anqi
Contemporary
Wushu see Xiandai Wushu
Cotton Fist see
Mianquan
Cotton Palm see
Mianzhang
D
Dabeiquan Legend
has it, that it originated during the Ming Dynasty. It was a
style practiced by the monks at the Henan Shaolin Temple and
at Wutaishan . Dabeiquan is based on the teachings of the
Buddhist Dabeizhou . In the 1960s, a high priest,
Qiyun Fashi , taught this style in Beijing.
Practitioners of
Dabeiquan are required to recite a phrase from the sutra
along with each posture. Its characteristics include that of
Taijiquan, Xingyiquan, and Baguazhang. There are two routines
in this style. They are Bashiliushi and Yibaiershiliushi
.
Information provided
by Yuan Shaoliang.
Figures
D-1 and D-2: Dabeiquan/Yuan Shaoliang
Dachengquan Also
known as Yiquan and translated as the Great Accomplishment
Fist. It was created by Wang Xiang-zhai (, 1885-1963). Wang
learned Xingyiquan from Guo Yunshen . Later, Wang focused
on the yi component, discarded the xing component of
Xingyiquan, and focused on standing postures to develop
internal strength, and created Yiquan. Wang traveled
extensively all over China and exchanged techniques with
Wushu practitioners throughout China. Because Wang was also
good in Taijiquan, Baguazhang, and Shaolin Wushu, and had a
high level of attainments, people later referred to his
creation of Yiquan, as Dachengquan, meaning the great
achievement style. This was because he was able to integrate
the essence of different Wushu styles into Yiquan.
Figure
D-3: Dachengquan/Zhang Shu-Fang
Figure
D-4: Dachengquan/William Chau
Dagger see
Bishou
Damo (?-536)
Damo or Bodhidharma was the 28th generation successor of Chan
Buddhism from Southern India. He came to China in the
520s. According to legend, he traveled from Guangdong,
then to Henan Shaolin Temple. He is regarded as the father of
Chan Buddhism in China. For lack of a better choice and lack
of definite information, and also to honor him, many Shaolin
Wushu and Qigong methods were credited to him.
Dang It is a
long weapon with a spear head and a moon shaped piece below
the spear. Around the moon shaped piece are sharp ring blades
(Drawing D-1). Dang are usually over 8 feet long and may
weigh up to 200 pounds.
Dao It is to
a curved and bladed weapon with a short or long handle, such
as a saber. Dao is known as baibingzhidan or the spirit
of all weapons. Dao movements are described as a fierce
tiger. Dao has many different types including: Dandao ,
Shuandao , Dadao , Guangong-dadao , Chunqiudada ,
Qinglongdadao , Jiuhuandadao , Pudao , Duandao ,
Yaodao , Miaodao , and Xiaoshuangshou . In the ancient
military and Wushu, the commonly used dao were: Dandao, a
single saber; Shuangdao, a double saber; Dadao; and Pudao.
Dadao (Drawing D-2)
is known as the baibinzhishuai or the commander
of all weapons. Pudao (Drawing D-3), also referred to as Shuangshoudai
is shorter and lighter than the Dadao, but longer than
a single saber. It was the choice weapon for many legendary
generals in ancient China.
Figures
D-5 and D-6: Qinglongdadao (100 plus
pounds)/Liang Shou-Yu
Figure
D-7: Pudao/Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
D-8: Butterfly Knives/Sunny Tang
Figure
D-9: Zhanhuadao /Maria Liang
Figure
D-10: Dadao/Mike Sigman
Figure
D-11: Dadao/He Tao
Figure
D-12: Dadao vs. Saber/Chiang Che Cheng
Figure
D-13: Double Sabers/Malee Khow
Figure
D-14: Saber/Irene Chen
Figure
D-15: Pudao/Zhang Peng
Figure
D-16: Saber/Rafael De La Cruz
Daopai This
style originated from Shaolin Wushu. It was taught by a monk
named Ruilong . Many of the Shaolin Buddhist monks were
counterrevolutionary against the Qing Dynasty. The Qing
Emperor persecuted the Shaolin monks everywhere they went. To
disguise himself and his teachings, monk Ruilong named his
Wushu, Daopai, so as to mislead his persecutors.
The notable
practitioners of this style include: Yu Yunlong , Yu Mei
, and Chen Dou . The known routines include: Yingtouquan
, Zhongweiquan , Sijinggangquan , Damoquan , Shiba
Luohanquan , Dianluohanquan , Zhifawhenlu , and Rouqiao
. Daopai also has many different weapon routines and
sparring sets.
Figure
D-17: Daopai Quangong /Paul Chen
Dashaozigun see
Gun
Dashengmen see
Houquan
Deer Hook see
Yuanyangyue
De La Cruz,
Rafael He began his martial arts training in 1969 and has
continued his Wushu training with Wu Wen-Ching since 1999. He
is a Way of the Dragon School assistant instructor; and he is
the Vice President of the Latin American Operations for the
GTECH Corp. See his photo demonstration under Wushu
Bingqi.
Diaojiaquan Translated
as Diao Family Fist. Legend has it, that it originated in
Jiangxi Province and spread to Meixian and Xingning in
Guangdong Province.
Dishuquanfa Translated
as Ground Dog Style. It is also known as Digongquan and
Gouquan . Known for kicking techniques executed after
intentionally falling to the ground, and other ground
fighting techniques. There are over ten known routines in
this style.
Ditangquan Translated
as Ground Style. This style was recorded in the Ming Dynasty Martial
Classic of Jixiaoxinshu by Qi Jiguang . Qi
indicated the existence of ground fighting methods of Qiandie
Zhang . Other known ground fighting information includes
the Internal Family Fists 72 Ground Fighting techniques
. Ditangquan uses offensive ground fighting techniques to
engage their opponents. Some known traditional barehanded
routines include: Jiugunshibadie , and Jiudishibagun ;
weapon routines include: Guntangdao and Gunlongqiang .
Figure
D-18: Splits Breakfall/Dianne Naughton
Figure
D-19: Ditangquan/Joel Timons
Du Cane, John (1949-)
One of the prominent figures in the promotion of healing and
martial arts in the United States. He was born in South
Africa and was educated in England where he earned a Masters
Degree in English Literature from Cambridge University. He
began his Qigong and Taijiquan practice in 1975 with many
prominent practitioners from China, England, and North
America; including the practitioners: Chiu, Choi, Liang
Shou-Yu, Wu Wen-Ching, Chen, Terry Dunn, Paul Dillon, and Ken
Cohen. Since 1990, he has owned Dragon Door Publications, a
mail order house and publisher for resources on Qigong,
healing, fitness, and internal martial arts. He is the author
of four instructional videos on Qigong and a form guide for
animal Frolic Qigong. See his photo demonstration
under Qigong.
Drunken Style
see Zuiquan
Duanbang see
Gun
Duanbin Boji
Short weapon sparring. This is a fighting competition
category in Wushu. In this competition, competitors must
follow the specific rules and guidelines for the use of short
weapons.
Figures
D-20: Short Weapon Sparring/Zhang Shu-Fang
and Zhao Li-Ying
Figure
D-21 Short Weapon/Zhao Li-Ying
Dumen Translated
as Du Family Style. In the 1600s, Du Guanyin of
Sichuan taught many students in Chengdu . Dumen uses the
Zijiqishen philosophy from Yijing . The known routines
of this style includes: Simenquan and Baiheizhuang . Its
fighting training includes: Yinyangshou , Taijishou ,
Wuxingshou , and many types of weapon training.
Dunhuangquan A
Wushu style based on the drawing, Dunhuang Bihua . Its
movenents are graceful and firm, containing both defensive
and offensive applications. The movements of the fist, palm,
hook, claw, fingers, and the entire arm are closely
associated with the energy channels in the body. Dunhuangquan
is a physical exercise that is good for toning the body,
weight loss, and illness prevention. It is also entertaining
to watch and enjoyable to perform. The known routines
include: Dunhuangquan and Dunhuang Rings .
Information provided
by Zang Lijuan.
Figure
D-22: Dunhuangquan/Zang Lijuan
Figure
D-23: Dunhuang Rings/Zang Lijuan
E
Eagle Claw Style
see Yingzhuaquan
Eight Trigram
Palm see Baguazhang
Emei Piercer see
Emeici
Emei Shaolin
Translated as Shaolin Wushu of the Emei Mountains. It
inherited its training from the Shaolin Temple. The Emei
Shaolin routines are, however, no longer available in the
Henan Shaolin Temple. This style contains both hard and
intricate neutralizing techniques. It is a style with
routines containing only practical Sanshou applications. The
known routines include: Tiangan , Qixing , Heihu ,
Tianhe , Feilong , and Bafa .
Figure
E-1: Heihuquan/Liang Shou-Yu
Figure
E-2: Heihuquan/Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
E-3: Huweitui /Andrew Wu
Figure
E-4: Tianganquan/Derek Cheng
Emei Shierzhuang
Translated as Emei Twelve Postures. Legend has it, that the
Chan Buddhist priest, Baiyun , created this style in the
Emei Mountains. He combined Taoist, Medical, and Buddhist
philosophy with Qigong, and created this style during the
Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). There are twelve steps in
their training. Thereby, the name, Shierzhuang.
Figure
E-5: Emei Shierzhuang/Chen Jian
Emei Wudang
Neijiaquan Translated as Internal Style of Emei and
Wudang. According to legend, a wandering Taoist from Emei
named Wang Loadao went to the Wudang Mountains to study
Neijiaquan which was created by Zhang Sanfeng . Wang
further developed what he learned and it became known as Emei
Wudang Neijiaquan. There are five known barehanded routines
and one staff routine.
Emei Wushu
This is a term referring to all the styles that originated
from the Emei Mountains. Emei Wushu is one of the three major
groups of Wushu styles in China. The others are Shaolin and
Wudang Wushu. The Emei Mountains are considered one of the
four major Buddhist mountains in China, as well as, one of
the famous Daoist mountains. The Emei Mountains are located
at the southwestern part of Sichuan Province. The peak of the
Emei Mountains reaches an elevation of 3,099 meters above sea
level, making it the highest peak in the Sichuan Valley.
There are also numerous Buddhist temples in these mountains.
Emei Wushu includes
the essence of both Shaolin and Wudang Wushu. As early as the
Ming Dynasty, there had been written documentation of Emei
Wushu. During the Qing Dynasty, more and more styles began to
surface from the Emei Mountains. There are over 300 Emei
Wushu styles with over one thousand barehanded and weapon
routines. Many of the specific Emei styles are introduced
under their own heading.
Figure
E-6: Erzhichan /Haideng Fashi
Figure
E-7: Emei Eagle Claw/Lu Xiaoling
Figure
E-8: Libaishiyijian /Chen Jian
Figure
E-9: Emei Jingangquan /He Tao
Figure
E-10: Emei Shequan /Maria Liang
Figure
E-11: Emei Kuaishuaiquan /He Tao
Figure
E-12: Emei Spear/Lu Xiaoling
Figure
E-13: Emei Sword/Lu Xiaoling
Figure
E-14: Emei Double Swords/Li Rong
Figure
E-15: Chuanlinjian/Li Rong
Emeici Translated
as Emei Piercer. This was a weapon used in ancient water
combat. It is a short piece of metal which is thick in the
middle and tapered to sharp ends. It has a spinable ring in
the middle for the fingers to fit through (Drawing E-1).
Emeici are usually used in a pairs.
Figure
E-16: Emeici/Kelly Maclean
Emeipai Quanshu
Dantaolu Translated as Individual Wushu Routines of the
Emei Mountains. There have been many well-known routines
taught in the Emei Mountains. Many of these routines are
practiced by practitioners of other styles and have been
incorporated into other styles. They have lasted for a long
time and have spread all over China.
These routines
include: Shisantaibaoquan , which was taught in the palace
of the Qing Dynasty and combined the essence of 72 different
routines into one; and Liuchengquan , which was created
over 200 years ago by a Emei Mountain monk by imitating the
movements of white crane and the legendary green dragon.
There are many others including: Jianzhuangquan , Emei
Luohanquan , Jiji Sanshiliufa , Sanhuaquan , Emei
Meihuaquan , Emei Zuibaxian , Xiaofuhu , Emei
Neijiaquan , Songxi Sanshou , Emei Xiaohongquan ,
Jianzhuangquan , Emei Shazhou , Xiaojingan-quan , Emei
Gongliquan , Emei Taiquan , Kongmen Ruanshou ,
Manjianghong , and Sipingdazhenquan .
F
Fangmen Translated
as Fang Family Style. This is an Emei Style. Fang Shunyi
created Fangmen by combining Shaolin with Xingyiquan and
"Xiao " style. There are twelve known barehanded
routines and five weapon routines.
Fanziquan Translated
as Turning Body Fist. It was recorded as Bashanfan during
the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) by General Qi Jiguang .
Fanziquan is classified as Changquan. Its movements are
described as "Two fists are fast like the falling rain
drops, and fast like a snapping whip". Fanziquan
routines are usually short and fast.
In the 1860s,
after a failed revolt against the Qing empire, Fanziquan and
Chuojiao practitioner, Zhao Shanyi , retreated to Hebei
Province and taught Fanziquan and Chuojiao there. It was then
that Fanziquan also spread to Shenyang . Yu Boqiang was
a well-known Fanziquan practitioner from Shenyang. In the
1930s, it spread to Sichuan Province.
Some of the known
traditional routines include: Chuibafan , Kaoshoufan ,
Caishoufan , Qinshoufan , Liushoufan , Yanqingfan ,
Yingzhuafan , Gunbangfan , Sanshoufan , and
Jianzhongfan .
Figure
F-1: Fanziquan/Guo Jianhua
Figure
F-2: Fanziquan/Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
F-3: Fanziquan/Hui Mo
Farrands, Barry He
has been studying Wushu since 1995 with Wu Wen-Ching. He is
an assistant instructor at The Way of the Dragon School. He
is also a long distance runner and medal winner in many
races. See his photo demonstration under Shaolin
Wushu.
Fenghuolun see
Quan
Finger, Steve He
has been studying martial arts since 1971 and began his Wushu
training in 1986 with many leading Wushu practitioners in the
United States. He is a database applications developer. He is
currently based in Connecticut, U.S.A. See his photo
demonstration under Wushu Bingqi.
Fontaine, Bruce
He is a prominent Wushu practitioner. He was a member of the
Canadian Wushu team in 1986. He began his Wushu studies with
Cailifoquan. In the middle of the 1980's, he began studying
Wushu from Liang Shou-Yu. He received two Bronze medals in
the Second World Wushu Invitational Championships. He is a
member of the Board of Directors and Wushu Form Chairman of
Wushu B.C. He has appeared in many Hong Kong action movies.
He currently teaches in Canada. See his photo
demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.
Fu An ax. Fu
usually refers to a short handled ax (Drawing F-1). Long
handled axes are referred to as yue (, Drawing F-2). Short
axes are practiced singularly or in a pair. In ancient times,
long axes were used by practitioners on horseback.
Fu, Zhongwen
(1907-1997) One of the best disciples of Yang Chengfu , and
one of the most prominent representatives of Yang Style
Taijiquan. He was the founder of the Yongnian Taijiquan Club
in 1944, a Shanghai City Taijiquan instructor from
1958-1971, and the Vice Chairman of the Shanghai Wushu
Association in 1979. His whole life was dedicated to the
teaching and promotion of Taijiquan. He has taught many
outstanding Taijiquan students. He the author of an
authoritative book, Yang Style Taiji Saber. See his
photo demonstration under Taijiquan.
Fujian Hequan
Translated as Fujian Crane Style. This is one of three major
crane styles. Fujian Hequan includes four unique
characteristics. They are the Zonghequan (, Ancestral Crane),
Shihequan (, Ravaging Crane), Feihequan (, Flying Crane), and
Minghequan (, Shrieking Crane). The more predominant
characteristics of each are: the vibrating power of
Zonghequan, the hooking and clawing movements of the
Shihequan, the flapping arms of the Feihequan, and the loud
shrill sound emitted along with the applications of the
Minghequan.
Also see Baihequan
and Wuzuquan.
Fujian Province
A Chinese province located at the southeastern part of
continental China which borders the Taiwan Strait to its
southeast. It covers over 121 thousand square kilometers with
a population of over 32 million people as of 1999.
Fujian Shaolin
Temple see Shaolin Temple
Funk, Jon He
was a Chairman of the Western Canada Chinese Martial Arts
Association. He is a promoter of Tiger Balm International
Karate-Kung Fu Championships, and has a monthly column in Black
Belt Magazine titled "Legends of Kung Fu". He
is an 8th generation practitioner of Tanglangquan. He is a
member of the Board of Directors and the Traditional Wushu
Form Chairman of Wushu B.C. He teaches Seven Star Preying
Mantis Kung Fu in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. See
his photo demonstration under Tanglangquan.
Fushi Wushu Fu
Style Wushu. Towards the end of the 1920s, five
northern Wushu practitioners traveled south to Guangdong and
other southern provinces to teach Wushu. They were known as
the "Five tigers that went south of the Yangtze River
". One of them was Fu Zhensong . He was a native of
Henan Province and studied under many prominent Wushu
instructors. He was the head coach of Guangdong and Guangxi,
and the head coach at the Nanjing Central Guoshu Institute.
Yang Chengfu and Sun Lutang were his good friends and
training partners. Fu Zhengsong absorbed the essence of the
other styles and founded Fushi Wushu. Some of the well-known
Fushi Wushu routines include: Fu Style Taijiquan, Taiji
Shandianzhang , Bagua Longxing-zhang , Chongfengquan ,
Xianrenzhang , Liangyi-quan , Sixiangquan , Taiji
Shandianchui , Bagua Xunfengdao , Zhanshenqiang ,
Wudang Feilongjian , Luanpijian , Bagua Qimengun , and
many sparring routines.
Fu Zhensong had many
prominent disciples including: Fu Yonghui, Sun Baukang, Lin
Chaozhen, Liang Richu, Liang Qiangya , Cui Rongji , and
Li Huangsheng. His son, Fu Yonghui continued his
fathers legacy and by continuing Fushi Wushu in
Guangdong Province for over 60 years. Today, there are many
other well-known Fushi Wushu practitioners in the U.S., they
include: Johnny Kwong Ming Lee , Mark Bow-Sim , Nick
Gracenin, Jose Johnson, Joel Timons, etc.
Figure
F-4: Fu Style Taijiquan Lightning Palm/Liang
Qiangya
Figure
F-5: Fu Style Bagua Dragon Palm/Liang Qiangya
Figure
F-6: Fu Style Spear/Liang Qiangya
Figure
F-7: Fu Style Bagau Staff/Liang Qiangya
Figure
F-8: Lianyiquan/Nick Gracenin
Figure
F-9: Fu Style Baguazhang/Jose Johnson
G
Gacki, Tadeusz (1954-)
One of the most significant figures in the promotion of Wushu
in Poland. He began his martial arts training in 1967. He was
the Vice President of the first Polish Commission of Kung
Fu/Wushu. He was the first person to organize Polish national
Wushu competitions. In 1994, he assisted in the founding of
the Polish-Chinese Association of Wushu (Nanbei) and was its
first vice president. He has authored three Qigong books.
Many of his students are Polish and U.S. national and
international Wushu champions. See his photo
demonstration under Changquan.
Gansu Province
A Chinese province located upstream of the Yellow River which
borders Inner Mogol to its northeast. It covers over 453
thousand square kilometers with a population of over 25
million people as of 1999.
Gao, Xian A
graduate of Xian Sports Institute in Shanxi with a masters
degree in sports science, specializing in martial arts. He
was a China national Fanziquan and Tongbeiquan champion in
1982 and 1983. He has appeared in over thirty movies. He has
over 20 years of teaching experience. Many of his students
are now famous athletes and action stars. He currently
teaches in New York, U.S.A. See his photo
demonstration under Piquaquan.
Goh, Anthony
One of the most significant organizers and contributors of
Wushu in the United States. He is currently the President of
the United States Wushu-Kung Fu Federation (U.S.A.W.K.F.),
the President of the Pan American Wushu Federation (PAWF),
and an organizer of the International Wushu-Kung Fu Festival
and Championships. In 1995, he organized the Third World
Wushu Championships in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. It was the
first world Wushu championship in North America. He is a
prominent practitioner of several Wushu styles and known for
his Sanshou abilities. For more information about him and
U.S.A.W.K.F. please visit www.usawkf.org. See his
photo demonstration under Kejiaquan.
Goldberg, Herb
He is a prominent Taijiquan practitioner in Atlanta, Georgia.
He is an advisor of the U.S.A. Wushu Kung Fu Federation, a
national judge of Taijiquan and Push Hands. He currently
teaches in Atlanta, Georgia. See his photo
demonstration under Taijiquan.
Gongfu 1. The
pinyin romanization of Kung Fu. 2. An attainment gained
through the input of time and effort into a particular
discipline.
Gong, Henry He
is a prominent Wushu instructor in the New York area. He has
been teaching Wushu for over twenty-eight years. He has
taught his unique concepts on Lower Spinal Rotation at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of
Delaware. His past and present affiliations include the
Amateur Athletic Union and the National Association of Asian
American Professions. He currently teaches in New York City. See
his photo demonstration under Changquan.
Gou A hook
sword. It is a narrow blade sword with a hook at the tip of
the sword, a moon shaped blade next to the handle of the
sword, and a sharp end (Drawing G-1). It is an ancient short
weapon that can be practiced singularly or as a pair. There
are many well-known gou routines including: Chagou ,
Xinggou , Shiersugou , Xuepiangou , and Juanjiangou .
Figure
G-1: Double Hook Swords/Liu Yu
Gracenin, Nick He
is a prominent all-around martial artist in the United
States. He studied Fushi Wushu from Mark Bow-Sim. He has also
studied many other Wushu styles and routines, especially the
International Wushu competition routines. He has taught many
outstanding students, and is a significant contributor to the
development of Wushu in the U.S.A. Prior to studying Wushu,
he had already attained a fifth level black belt in Karate.
He was the third place all-around champion at the Second
World Wushu Invitational Tournament. He was also an executive
member of the International Wushu Federation. See his
photo demonstration under Fushi Wushu.
Great
Accomplishment Fist see Dachengquan
Ground Style see
Ditangquan
Gu, Daijuan
Also known as, Jennifer Gu. She graduated from the Guangzhou
Athletic University in 1987. She was a former instructor
at Huanan Normal University . She was a Canadian national
Taijiquan champion and a member of the Canadian National
Wushu team. She currently teaches in Canada. See her photo
demonstration under Taijiquan.
Guai A cane.
This is also referred to as Guaizi . It is a crutch or cane
that can be used to assist in walking. A traditional guai
looks like a rod with a smaller piece extending from the
upper part (Drawing G-2).
Figure
G-2: Guai/Tony Bujas
Guangdong
Province A Chinese province located at the southeastern
part of continental China which borders the South China Sea
to its south. It covers over 178 thousand square kilometers
with a population of over 71 million people as of 1999.
Guangxi Zhuangzu
Zizhiqu An autonomous region in southern China which
borders Guangdong to its east and Beibu Gulf to its south. It
covers over 236 thousand square kilometers with a population
of over 46 million people as of 1999.
Guizhou Province
A Chinese province located south of the Yangtze River which
borders Sichuan to its north and Guangxi to its south. It
covers over 176 thousand square kilometers with a population
of over 36 million people as of 1999.
Guoshu Another
term for Chinese martial arts. It literally means national
art of China. It is also romanized as Kuo Shu.
Gun A pole.
It is also referred to as a bang . It is a pole (Drawing
G-3) made from a piece of wood or metal. It is known as the head
of all weapons . A gun is a long weapon that is usually
about the height of person from their feet to their eyebrows
or taller. Often times, when the term gun is used, it
refers to a cylindrical stick that is tapered from one end to
the other, such as, the trunk of a small tree. When the term bang
is used, it refers to a cylindrical pole having the same
diameter throughout its length.
A pole longer than
the distance between the practitioner's feet and eyebrows is
considered a long weapon. Shorter poles are known as duanbang
(, Drawing G-4), short staff. It is also referred to as
biangan . Short staffs are used singularly and as a pair.
The shorter length makes it an easy weapon to carry around.
Some well-known short staff routines include: Shisanbian ,
Sanshiliubian , Tuolobian , and Liu-panbian .
There are also poles
that are connected with chain links such as the Sanjiegun
and Dashaozigun . Sanjiegun is a three sectioned staff
chain-linked together (Drawing G-5). It is classified as a
flexible weapon. Dashaozigun is a two sectioned staff
chained-linked together (Drawing G-6). It is also classified
as a flexible weapon. The well-known pole routines include:
Shaolingun , Ziweigun , Qingtiangun , Zhaotaizu
Tengshegun , Bazigun , Yudayougunfa , and many others.
There is a legend
that during the peaceful and prosperous period of the Tang
Dynasty, even the Shaolin Temple had lost the original nature
of the Shaolin pole applications. A Ming Dynasty general, Yu
Dayou , went to the Shaolin Temple and taught the practical
pole applications to the Shaolin monks. General Yu also
selected two martial monks from the Shaolin Temple to study
pole techniques in the military. Three years later, the monks
returned to the temple and reestablished the fierce and
practical nature of the Shaolin pole techniques. Later, Cheng
Chongdou went to the Shaolin temple to study Shaolin pole
techniques and wrote about it. Chengs book is the
well-known, Shaolin Gunfa Chanzong .
Figure
G-3: Carrying a Staff in Resting Stance/Li
Wenqi
Figure
G-4: Hougun/Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
G-5: Monkey Staff/Hu Jianqiang
Figure
G-6: Biangan/Lu Biao
Figure
G-7: Three Sectional Staff/Derek Cheng
Figure
G-8: Staff/Katrina Leung
Figure
G-9: Staff/Hilbert Yiu, Jr.
Guo, Jianhua He
began his Wushu training at the age of seven in Hubei, China.
He studied under the direction of Professor Wen Jinmin and
Liu Yuehua. He trained and competed professionally for both
Wuhan Institute Professional Team and the Hubei Professional
Team. He was the head coach of the Wuhan Institute of
Physical Education and Hubei Provincial Team from 1972 to
1986. He has published several research articles on the study
and training of martial arts for teenagers. He came to the
U.S. in 1987 as a professor at Ball State University in
Indiana. In 1991, he founded the Championship Martial Arts
Academy in Chicago, Illinois. He has taught many martial arts
champions and movie stars, including: Chris Farley, Anthony
Marquez, and Daniel Pesina. See his photo
demonstrations under Fanziquan and Yumenquan.
H
Haideng Fashi
(1902-1989) Also known as Fan Wubing . He was a prominent
practitioner in the recent past. At age 21, he became a monk
in the Emei Mountains and trained in Yizhijin , Erzhichan
, Tongzigong , and Shaolin Wuquan . He was the former
Henan Shaolin Temple Abbot and Vice Chairman of the China
Buddhist Association. See his photo demonstration
under Emei Wushu.
Hainan Province
A Chinese island province located off the southern part of
continental China. It covers over 34 thousand square
kilometers with a population of over 7 million people as of
1999.
Halberd see
Ji
Hammer see
Chui
Hao, Zhihua A
former member of the Beijing Wushu team and a Wuyin title
recipient. She has attained forty-five top three places in
China national Wushu championships, including nineteen gold
medals. She was a member of the China Wushu team that
performed in many countries. She is a graduate of the Beijing
Physical Education University. Upon graduation she remained
on as a Wushu instructor for the university. She currently
lives in the United States. See her photo
demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.
Hard Whip see
Bian
He, Fusheng (1910-1998)
A prominent Wushu practitioner in China. He inherited his
Wushu from his family and also learned from many prominent
Wushu practitioners. He learned Chaquan from Wang Ziping
and Ma Liang ; Bajiquan from Ma Yingtu ; Xingyiquan from
Huang Bonian , Jiang Rongqiao , and Zu Guofu ; and
Shuaijiao from Hong Wu . He was the Assistant Dean of
Education at the Central Guoshu Institute in 1938. He was
well-known for his fast takedown ability, and was nicknamed
"Maqiansandao Hekuaijiao ". He was the Wushu
coach of the Yunnan Provincial team. He was a committee
member of the Chinese Wushu Association and a Chairman of the
Yunnan Wushu Association. In 1988, he received the
"Wushu Contribution " award. Later, he also
received the "Sport Pioneer Award of New China "
award. See his photo demonstrations under Huaquan
and Taijiquan.
He, Tao A
former head coach of the Guangdong Dongguan City Sports
Association . He began his Wushu studies under Liang
Shou-Yu in 1970 and continued until Liang Shou-Yu immigrated
to North America in 1981. He is a Seventh Level Black Belt in
Wushu and a Sixth Level Black Belt in Sanshou Dao. He has
trained many gold medalists for provincial and national Wushu
competitions in China. He was also an all-around champion in
the 1983 Sichuan Provincial Wushu Competition, and gold
medalist in 1987 for his sword performance in a China
National Competition. He received his Wuyin title in 1987,
became a world competition fighting judge in 1996, and became
a national level coach and judge for lion and dragon dancing
competitions. He currently teaches in San Francisco,
California. See his photo demonstrations under Tongbiquan,
Emei Wushu, Yuanyangyue, and Dao.
He, Weiqi One
of three prominent female swordsmen in the 1970s. In
1974, she was the featured performer in the first official
Wushu Delegation to the United States and performed at the
White House. She was the senior Wushu coach for the youth at
the Shanghai Sports Palace from 1976 to 1989. Her team won
the first place honor for seven years in a row at the
Shanghai National Junior Wushu competitions. She has received
numerous awards from China and abroad, including the
prestigious Chinas Coaches of Excellence award. She has
taught thousands of students all over the world. She has both
appeared in and been the action choreographer for many action
movies. She is the cofounder of the 18-form system of Taiji
Qigong now practiced around the world. In August 2000, she
was featured on the Friday Evening News with Peter Jennings. See
her photo demonstrations under Jian, Quan, Taijiquan, and
Wudang Wushu.
Hebei Province
A Chinese Province located downstream and north of the Yellow
River which borders Shandong, Tianjin, Bejing, and Liaoning
to its east, and borders Shanxi to its west. It covers over
183 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 65
million people as of 1999.
Heilongjiang
Province A Chinese Province located at the most
northeastern part of China which borders Russia to its north
and east, and borders Jilin to its south. It covers over 543
thousand square kilometers with a population of over 37
million people as of 1999.
Henan Shaolin
Temple see Shaolin Temple
Henan Province
A Chinese province located downstream and to the south of the
Yellow River and borders Jiangsu to its east. It covers over
167 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 93
million people as of 1999.
Ho, Fred A
gold and silver medalist in western U.S. international Wushu
competitions. He has been a judge at Canadian National Wushu
competitions. He is a S.Y.L. Wushu Institute instructor. He
is also included in the book, Chinas Contemporary
Wushu Masters . See his photo demonstrations
under Yanqingquan and Wushu Sanshou Dao.
Holmes, Michael He
is a Second Degree Black Belt in Wado Kai Karate, a First
Degree Black Belt in Nisei Karate, and a First Level Black
Belt in Wushu Sanshou Dao. See his photo demonstration
under Wushu Sanshou Dao.
Hong, Yijiao
A member of the U.S. Wushu team. She was a U.S. National
Grandchampion in Internal Styles many times. In 1998, she was
named Athlete of the Year in the U.S.A. In the 1999 World
Wushu Championships held in Hong Kong, she attained seventh
place in the compulsory Taiji Sword category. She is a
graduate of Zhejiang University with a degree in Physical
Education and a majored in Wushu. She was also a former Wushu
teacher at Zhejiang University. She was a chief instructor of
the Wushu team and former faculty member at the Zhejiang
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In 2001, she was
certified by the International Wushu Federation as an
International Wushu Forms Judge. She currently teaches in
Seattle, Washington, USA. See her photo demonstrations
under Xiandai Wushu and Taijiquan.
Hongjiaquan Translated
as Hong Family Fist. It is one of the major Southern Styles.
This style was created by Hong Xi-guan of Fujian Province
during the Qing Dynasty. It is also popular in Guangdong
Province and Southeastern Asian nations. Hong learned his
Wushu from Zhishan , a Chan Buddhist monk from Fujian
Shaolin Temple. Hong Xiguan was also the character featured
in the novel Wangnian Qing written in the later
part of the Qing Dynasty. Some of its rotuines include:
Sipingliuzhen , Sanjian , Tiejian , Shixing , Huhe
Shuang-xinguan , Gong-zifuhuquan , Wu-xingquan ,
Shixing-quan , Huquan , and Hequan . Its
characteristics include using sounds to assist in power
emission. Some well-known practitioners in Hongquan include:
Tie Qiaosan , Huang Feihong , and Lin Shirong .
Figure
H-1: Hongjiaquan/John Leong
Figure
H-2: Hongjiaquan/Ken Low
Figure
H-3: Hongjiaquan/Saleem Alamudeen
Figures
H-4 and H-5: Hongjiaquan Matching Set/Purdy
Cheung and Kerry Cheung
Hong Kong A
Special Administrative Region in China, located in the South
China Sea which includes Hong Kong Island. The total area is
about one thousand square kilometers. Hong Kong means fragrant
harbor in Chinese. It was originally part of the
Guangdong Province until after the Opium War in 1842, when it
was ceded to British rule. Hong Kong was under British rule
for nearly one and a half centuries until 1997, when it was
returned to China and became a Special Administrative Region
of China. Hong Kong has a population of over 7 million
people.
Hongmen There
are two legends to the origin of this style. The first legend
believes that it was created by Emperor Zhao Taizu . His
face was always hong or red. Therefore, the style was
named Hongquan and later became known as Hongmen.
The second legend
believes that in the year 1661, the defeated Ming Dynasty
general, Zheng Chenggong , organized a counterrevolutionary
force against the new Qing Dynasty. The organization used the
name Hongmen because the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty
was known as Hongwu . It gradually evolved into two
distinct divisions, the Northern and the Southern Hongmen.
There are over forty-five known barehanded routines, over
seventeen weapon routines, and eight application training
methods.
Hongquan Translated
as Red Fist. Hongquan is popular in Shanxi and Sichuan.
Legend has it, that it was passed down by Jueyuanshangren
during the Yuan Dynasty. Hongquan is classified as Changquan.
Figure
H-6: Xiaohonguqan /Maria Liang
Hongzhimen Legend
has it, that Hongzhimen was created by the Daoist, Hong Jun
Laozu . Later this style was combined with the "Zhi
" style and became known as Hongzhimen. Hongzhimen
places its primary focus on Qigong training. Its Wushu
movements are open and extended. There are six known
barehanded routines, two weapon routines, and seven
application training methods.
Hook Sword see
Gou
Hoover, Paul He
began his Wushu training in 1977 and has been studying from
Wu Wen-Ching since 1990. He is a computer consultant. He
currently teaches Taijiquan at the Community College of Rhode
Island and in the New England area. See his photo
demonstration under Nanquan.
Houquan Translated
as Monkey Style. Houquan is believed to have existed several
thousand years ago. It was recorded in the Ming Dynasty book,
Jixiaoxinshu by Qi Jiguang. Houquan is an imitation
style mimicking the movements of a monkey It is also known as
Dashengmen .
Figure
H-7: Monkey Staff/Hu Jianqiang
Howey, Ayron
He is an instructor at the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute and the
University of British Columbia Sanshou class. In 1999, he was
the gold medalist in the Pan American Wushu Championships and
silver medalist in the Canadian National Wushu Competition in
the 65-70 Kg Sanshou division. In 2001, he was the gold
medalist in the 65 to 70 Kg Canadian National Sanshou
competition. He was selected to represent Canada at the 6th
World Wushu Championships. He is a Third Level Black Belt in
Wushu Sanshou Dao. See his photo demonstrations under Wushu
Sanshou Dao and Cha.
Hsing Yi Chuan see
Xingyiquan
Hsu, Adam
(1941-) A prominent Wushu practitioner known for his vast
knowledge about many traditional Wushu styles. His principal
teacher was the late Liu Yun-Chiao . He has a masters
degree in Chinese literature from Taiwan. He was the General
Secretary of the National Kung Fu Federation of Taiwan,
Instructor to the Republic of Liberia, and Member of the
Republic of China National Kung Fu Delegation. He was the
editor and publisher of Wu Tang Martial Arts Magazine, and a
senior editor of the Kung Fu Library of Wu Chow Publishing
Company. He has written several books and over one hundred
articles in English and Chinese. He has been featured and
honored by numerous magazines throughout the world. He is the
founder of the Traditional Wushu Association. More about him
can be found at www.adamhsu.com. See his photo
demonstration under Bajiquan.
Hu, Jianqiang
He is a famous movie star and Wushu practitioner. He is best
known for his starring role in the movie, Shaolin Temple.
He became a choreographer in Hong Kong for various movies. He
has also appeared in, Kids From Shaolin, North and
South Shaolin, and Shogun. He was a member of the
Zhejiang Provincial Wushu Team, and won numerous all-around
titles. He represented China eleven times and performed Wushu
in over thirty nations. He is one of the most outstanding
athletes, coaches, and performers in China. He has
demonstrated in numerous TV shows that were well received by
the audience. He currently teaches and operates a successful
school in Connecticut, U.S.A. See his photo
demonstrations under Shaolin Wushu, Houquan,
and Gun.
Hu, Zehua Also
known as Simon Hu. He began his Wushu studies at age twelve
under the legendary Wang Ziping; and Wang Jurong, Wu Chengde,
and many other prominent Wushu practitioners in China. He is
well-versed in all areas of Wushu including the ti, da,
shuai, and na components. Under the guidance of Wang Ziping
and Wu Chengde, he has also excelled in Qigong and
traumatology. He has been a judge at U.S. and Canadian
National Wushu competitions and is a founding member of the
Confederation of Canadian Wushu Organizations. He currently
teaches in Toronto, Canada. See his photo
demonstration under Wangshi Wushu.
Huakoumen This
is an Emei Style. Huakoumen focuses on one handed
applications, neutralization training; and utilizes Yin-Yang,
Five Elements, and Bagua as its training philosophy. There
are sixteen known routines in this style and various weapons
training.
Huang, Rena A
1991 graduate of the Beijing Academy of Performing Arts .
She is a first class actor in China. She has received several
outstanding performance awards for her performances in
Chinese National and Beijing dance competitions. She has
starred in several major dance productions and represented
China in good will performances overseas. She has also
appeared in many movies and TV shows. After immigrating to
Canada, she began studying Wushu at the S.Y.L. Institute. See
her photo demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.
Huang, Wei-Lun
Born in Guangzhou, China where he began his studies of
Taijiquan since he was a child. He is a prominent Taijiquan
practitioner in the United States. He has been teaching and
giving workshops in the U.S., South America, and Europe since
1984. His Taijiquan teachers were Lu Zi Ling, a student of
Yang Chengfu, and Ou Yong Ju, the President of the Foshan
Wushu Association. His Liuhebafa teacher was Wang So Ting of
Shanghai. He currently teaches in Florida, USA. See his
photo demonstration under Taijiquan.
Huanglinpai Translated
as the Yellow Forest Style. This is an Emei Style. It is
credited to an old Taoist priest of the Wannian Temple in
the Emei Mountains. During the reign of the Qing Emperor,
Yongzheng (, 1723-1735), the emperor gave an order to arrest
all nonmilitary martial artists. As a result many martial art
practitioners gathered at Jiufeng Mountain as a sanctuary
to practice their Wushu and to share their Wushu with
youngsters that came to learn.
The leaves of the
ginkgo or the maidenhair trees in the Jiufeng Mountains turn
a golden yellow color in the Fall. Thereby, the style was
named Huanglin, meaning Yellow Forest. The known barehanded
routines include: Sipingquan , Dengzhuangquan , and three
Hulongquan , a weapon routine known as Yanlindao , and a
training method referred to as Meirenzhuang .
Figure
H-8: Huolongquan/Derek Cheng
Huaquan Translated
as Flower Fist. According to legend, this style was created
by Gan Fengchi of the Qing Dynasty. It is a short range
style. Huaquan focuses on offensive and defensive techniques.
There are over eighty-eight specific fighting and takedown
techniques.
Huaquan Translated
as Hua Mountain Fist. Legend has it, that this style was
created by the Cai brothers during the Song Dynasty in the
Sandong area. The Cai brothers were prominent Wushu
practitioners who taught their relatives their Wushu. Because
their ancestors were originally from the Hua Mountains, their
style was later named Huaquan.
Another explanation
for the naming of the style is believed to be from the
training of jing , qi , and shen . Jing, qi, and shen
are also known as the three hua , or three pure essences.
By combining the three hua into one it becomes Huaquan.
Huaquan is classified as Changquan.
Figures
H-9 and H-10: Huaquan/He Fusheng
Figure
H-11: Huaquan/Michael Li
Huatao Wuyi A
term referring to the performance art derived from
traditional Wushu, and practiced for the purpose of
entertaining audiences. It is also referred to as Huaquan
Xiutui , which literally means "flowery fist and
embroidered feet". That is, of no combat value.
Since the Ming
Dynasty, peace and raising prosperity in the cities brought
about a greater need for cultural entertainment. Some of
these needs were met by Wushu practitioners wandering into
the cities from the countryside. In order to make a living,
many Wushu practitioners became street performers. Their
amazing abilities were warmly received and further promoted
the increase in the artistic value of Wushu. As a result,
more and more artistically expressive Wushu routines were
created. The Chinese opera and ethnic dances had also been
significantly influenced by Wushu. The popularity of combat
performances in the Chinese opera and ethnic dances pushed
the popularity of Huatao Wuyi to its height.
From an artistic
perspective, it was a wonderful development. From the Wushu
standpoint, Huatao Wuyi had lost its original nature. For
this reason, the Ming Dynasty military officer, Qi Jiquang,
forbade his troops to learn it. However, for people that
didnt know Wushu, it was very entertaining. Therefore,
the development of Huatao Wuyi continues even today.
Hubei Province
A Chinese province located at the mid-stream of the Yangtze
River and borders Sichuan to its west. It covers over 185
thousand square kilometers with a population of over 59
million people as of 1999.
Huen, Siu Hung
A member of the Canadian Wushu team in 1985. He began
studying Internal and External Style Wushu from Liang Shou-Yu
in 1982. He has attained many gold and silver medals in
several international Wushu championships, and was included
in the book, Chinas Contemporary Wushu Masters
. He is a S.Y.L. Wushu Institute instructor. He has trained
many Wushu athletes that have attained outstanding marks in
international competitions. See his photo
demonstration under Wuji Xiaoyaopai.
Huheshuanxingquan
Translated as Tiger-Crane Routine. This is a southern
style routine created by Lin Shirong during the end of the
Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the republic. Lin was from
Pingzhou , Nanhai . Lin studied his family Wushu then
studied from Wu Quanmei , Huang Feihong , etc. He based
his creation on Hongiaquan and Foquan , with the
characteristics of the tiger and crane. Thereby, the name
Huheshuanxingquan, meaning Tiger-Crane Paired Shaped Routine.
This routine consists of 108 postures.
Figure
H-12: Huheshuanxingquan/Tony Bujas
Hui, Mo A
gold medalist in the 1997 U.S. National Wushu championships
in Nine Sectioned Chain, and a Silver medalist in the
Canadian National Sanshou competition. He is an instructor at
the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute. He is a graduate of the
University of British Columbia with a degree in Computer
Science. He is also included in the book, Chinas
Contemporary Wushu Masters . See his photo
demonstrations under Tongbiquan, Fanziquan, Bian,
and Xiandai Wushu.
Huimen This
style was created by Song Luhua of Shandong Province.
Huimen training includes: meditation, visualization, and
intention training. The movements are usually accompanied
with small steps and lower stances. The known routines
include: Yangjianquan , Nazhaquan , Hamaquan ,
Hudiequan , Shetouquan , and Rope Dart.
Hunan Province
A Chinese province located south of the Yangtze River which
borders Hubei to its north and Guangdong to its south. It
covers over 204 thousand square kilometers with a population
of over 65 million people as of 1999.
Hung Gar see
Hongjiaquan
Huquan Translated
as Tiger Routine. This term refers to an imitation routine
that mimics the characteristics of a tiger or leopard. There
are many Huquan routines including: Huquan , Heihuquan ,
Huxingquan , Xingyi Hubaoquan , Menghu Xiashanquan ,
Ehuquan , Baihuquan , and Huzhuaquan .
Huxingquan Translated
as Tiger Style. This is one of the imitation type Southern
Styles. It imitates the tigers characteristics in its
movements. It was created by Zhou Zihe of Fujian Province.
It focuses on short range applications emphasizing the
strength of the fingers or the claws. Some of the known
routines include: Sanzhan , Simen , Wufei , Bagua ,
Qixing , Xiashanhu , and Yibailinbashi .
I
Inner Mongolia
see Nei Mongol Zizhiqu
Internal Style
see Neijiaquan
I.W.S.D. see
Wushu Sanshou Dao
J
Jay, Bok Tong
Also known as Tony Jay. He is a prominent instructor of
Lamapai Kung Fu, Taijiquan, and Qigong. He currently teaches
in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. See his photo
demonstration under Lamapai.
Jeet Kune Do see
Jiequandao
Ji A halberd
or lance. It is like a spear with an additional moon shaped
blade along one or both sides of the spear head. A ji with a
single moon shape blade is referred to as a Qinglongji (,
Drawing J-1). A ji with moon shape blades on both sides of
the spear head is referred to as a Fangtianji (, Drawing
J-2).
Jian A narrow
blade sword (Drawing J-3). It is known as the king of
blades and is regarded by both scholars and martial
artists as the most distinguished of all weapons. It is not
just the "king of blades"; in ancient China, sword
ownership represented power and prestige. For example, the
Emperors Sword, which ancient emperors presented to
their royal subjects, had the authority to execute prisoners
without first acquiring permission. Swords were also
ceremonial tools used in Taoist ceremonies for getting rid of
evil. The wearing of a sword at official gatherings
represented prestige and rank. Scholars also wore a sword to
be distinguished and elegant.
During the
Spring-Autumn era, bronze and iron weapons were the most
lethal war weapons. The ability to produce quality swords and
the ability to fight with the sword were significant factors
in winning or losing a war. This was especially true in the
area south of the Yangtze River where the land was filled
with rice paddies, streams, and rivers. The war machines of
the time were nearly useless. The primary military strength
was the soldiers ability to fight with a sword. For
this reason, the quality of sword production and sword
fighting techniques advanced significantly in this era.
The kings of all
territories hired expert swordsmen to teach their army jiandao,
the way of the sword. There have been many famous swordsmen
in ancient China. One of the most famous historical figures
was Yuenu, the Lady of the Yue Kingdom. Yuenu was a
swordswoman that taught the way of the sword to the Yue army
and gave them victory over their nemesis. Yuenu was also one
of the most significant people in the ancient development of
swordsmanship.
To improve the
fighting abilities of their soldiers, it was customary for
kings to employ master swordsmen to teach their soldiers. On
a chance encounter, the kings consul met Yuenu, and he
recommended Yuenu to Jujian, the King of Yue. King Jujian
requested Yuenu to demonstrate her sword skills and to teach
his soldiers. Yuenu complied. In Jujians palace ten of
his most elite bodyguards attempted to close in on Yuenu at
the same time. None of them were able to touch her. In just a
few moments, with the chilling sounds of slicing and jabbing
blades, followed by falling bodies and the sounds of the
swords hitting the palace floor, it was all over.
Yuenus superior skill was obvious to all present.
King Jujian asked
Yuenu to explain the principles of her sword skills. Yuenu
explained that her way of the sword was based on the Book
of Changes, Laozi, and Sunzis Art of War.
She explained the technical, strategic, and psychological
components of swordsmanship; and how they applied to movement
and stillness, fast and slow movements, defense and offense,
consequential and inconsequential movements, internal energy
and external expression, following and opposing movements,
and inhalation and exhalation. With Yuenus expertise
and teaching, Jujians army became more and more
powerful and defeated his nemesis. Legend has it, that Yuenu
gained her extraordinary sword skill by practicing her
stick-sword fighting with a white ape, since she was a child.
The White Ape Sword and Yuenu Sword are
credited to have been the creation of Yuenu.
As early as the Han
Dynasty, a thirty-eight chapter book on Jiandao or the
Way of the Sword was compiled. Today, there are many
types of swords and many well-known sword routines. Different
styles also have their own training methods and routines.
Figure
J-1: Long Sword Exits the Scabbard/Pan Qingfu
Figure
J-2: Group Double Swords/S.Y.L. Wushu
Institute Students: Mo, Derek, Francis,
Chanelle, Cheryl, and Tiffannie
Figure
J-3: Fingers with No Sword/Jiang Haoquan
Figure
J-4: Sword with Scabbard/Liang Shou-Yu
Figure
J-5: Long Tassel Sword/ He Weiqi
Figure
J-6: Eight Immortal Sword/Helen Liang
Figure
J-7: Sword/Zhang Lingmei
Figure
J-8: Double Long Tassel Sword/He Weiqi
Figure
J-9: Three Incense Points at the Heaven/Liang
Shihong
Figure
J-10: Group Long Tassel Sword/ S.Y.L. Wushu
Institute Students: Kelly, Shona, Sarah,
Chanelle, Cheryle, Katrina, and Tiffannie
Figure
J-11: Group Double Sword/S.Y.L. Wushu
Institute Students: Mo, Derek, Francis,
Chanelle, Cheryl, and Tiffannie
Figure
J-12: White Ape Sword/Helen Liang
Figure
J-13: Sancaijian/Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
J-14: Sword Points at Mount Kunlu/Li Jinheng
The well-known sword
routines include: Taijijian , Taiyijian , Wudangjian ,
Kunlunjia , Kunwujian , Emeijian , Qixingjian ,
Baxianjian , Baguajian , Damojian , Baiyaunjian ,
Chuanlinjian , Tongbeijian , Qingpingjian ,
Longfengjian , Tanglangjian , Panlongjian ,
Chunyangjian , Sancaijian , Sanhejian , Tipaojian ,
and Qinghongjian .
Figure
J-15: Double Swords/Zhang Hong Mei
Figure
J-16: Sword Matching/Zhang Hong Mei and Liu
Yu
Figure
J-17: Sword/Phillip Wong
Jian A short
weapon, usually made of metal, with a handle and a rod
extension (Drawing J-4). The cross section of the rod
extension is usually shaped like a square, an octagon, or a
pentagon. It is practiced singly or in pairs.
Jiang, Haoquan (1917-)
The first person to receive a Ph.D. in Wushu in China. He is
a Wushu professor and was the head coach of many provincial,
military, and police training centers. He began swimming
lessons at age three and started his Wushu studies at age 4.
He is a graduate of the Central Guoshu Institute (1932-1936).
In his youth, he defeated many foreign and Chinese boxers. He
attained many awards and nicknames, including "China and
Asia Boxing King ", "China Fitness Champion
", "Living Huo Yuanjia ", "The Great
Fighter ", "Chinese National and Shanghai Diving
Champion", and many others. He currently teaches at
Jiang Haoquan Chinese Martial Arts College in California,
U.S.A. See his photo demonstrations under Jian
and Xiandai Wushu.
Jiang, Jianye
A prominent Wushu practitioner and calligrapher. He was a
former instructor at Shandong Qufu Athletic University . He
is a graduate of Shandong Teachers University, and holds a
master degree in Physical Education from the Shanghai
Physical Education Institute. He has also produced numerous
instructional Wushu videotapes. He currently teaches in
Albany, NY and gives workshops throughout the United States. See
his photo demonstrations under Shequan and Shandongjiao.
Jianghequan Translated
as River Style. It originated from Kaifeng in Henan
Province. There are four known routines in this style.
Jiangsu Province
A Chinese province located on the eastern coast of
continental China. It is located downstream of the Yangtze
River and borders the Yellow Sea to its east. It covers over
102 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 71
million people as of 1999.
Jiangxi Huimen
Translated as the Huimen Style of Jiangxi. This style
originated in the Jiangxi Province by Liu Jiangxi . It
focuses on offensive applications. There are seven barehanded
routines and one bench routine.
Jiangxi Province
A Chinese province located south of the Yangtze River and
borders Fujian Province to its southeast and borders Hunan to
its west. It covers over 167 thousand square kilometers with
a population of over 41 million people as of 1999.
Jiequan Translated
as Sectional Fist. It utilizes Tantui as its foundation.
It is a style developed during the Qing Dynasty.
Jiequandao Also
known as, Jeet Kune Do. This is a new martial arts style
created by Bruce Lee (, 1940-1973). Bruce Lee was born in San
Francisco, California while his parents were traveling in the
United States. He started his Wushu training under his father
at age seven in Hong Kong. At thirteen, he began studying
Yongchunquan under his teacher Yip Man and older classmate
Huang Chunliang . At age eighteen, he returned to the U.S.
and in 1961, he entered the University of Washington and
majored in philosophy. While in the U.S., he continued his
Wushu training and absorbed other eastern and western
fighting arts into his own practice and created Jiequandao.
He was the star in many martial arts films and his movies
jolted the movie industry, bringing Chinese martial arts to
an all time high in awareness and popularity in the west.
Jiequandao can be
translated as the way of intercepting fist. However,
Bruce Lee, himself, regarded Jiequandao more as a philosophy
and concept rather than a style. Jiequandao is deeply rooted
in ancient Chinese philosophy.
Jilin Province
A Chinese province located in the middle of the northeastern
part of China. It borders Heilongjiang to its north, North
Korea to its southeast, and Liaoning to its southwest. It
borders Russia to its north and east, and borders Jilin to
its south. This province covers over 187 thousand square
kilometers with a population of over 26 million people as of
1999.
Jinbashou Translated
as Tight Eight Hands. This was a popular style during the
middle of the Qing Dynasty around the Hubei Province. The
known training includes: eight routines, sixteen kicking
methods, and eight punching methods.
Jingpo Wushu
This refers to the Wushu developed by the Jingpo tribe of
ancient China. They lived in deep forests and were under a
constant threat from animals. To protect themselves they
developed effective blade techniques. Today, the descendants
of the Jingpo still practice their Wushu. Their saber
techniques tend to be more offensive than defensive in
applications. They have many saber routines including:
Sanbukanbao , Wugejiaobu , Qigejiaobu , and several
double saber routines. Performances of saber techniques are
often seen during the Jingpo ethnic holiday celebrations.
Jinjiagong This
was created during the reign of the Qing Emperor, Daoguang
, between 1823 and 1850. After a failed revolution against
the Qing Empire, Ji Yiwang changed his name to Jin Daoren
and created Jinjiao Shiershi . They have two special
training methods and five characteristics. The special
training methods are Kaihe Qigong and Caojin Wucidi .
There are twenty-eight known routines in this style.
Jinwu Tiyuhui
This athletic association was founded in 1910 by Chen Gongzhe
. It was originally named the Shanghai Jinwu Ticao Xuexiao
which was founded in 1909. In 1909 Huo Yuanjia (,
1857-1909) of Hebei Province was invited to Shanghai to teach
his Wushu. He defeated foreign challengers during the later
part of the weakened Qing Dynasty and became a prominent
practitioner of the time. Unfortunately, he died six months
after he arrived, due to an illness. Some people believe he
was poisoned. However, the spirit of Huo Yuanjia and Jinwu
continue until today. His legacy still continues in the Jinwu
Athletic Associations all over the world.
Jixiaoxinshu A
Wushu book written by Qi Jiquang (, 1528-1587). Qi was a Ming
Dynasty general and author of Jixiaoxinshu The
New Book of Effective Disciplines. His book was one of
the earliest records of the different styles of Wushu
available. He was a prominent practitioner in Wushu and
military strategy. His book and teachings had a significant
influence on the development of Wushu and the military. This
book was originally published in 1584 and has been repeatly
reprinted in subsequent centuries until today. It has also
been reprinted under many other titles in Imperial China,
Japan, and Korea.
Johnson, Jared
A member of the Canadian Wushu team and a student of the
S.Y.L. Wushu Institute. In 1998, he was a gold medalist in
the Pan American Wushu Championships and Canadian National
Wushu Competition in the 90 kilogram Sanshou division. See
his photo demonstration under Wushu Sanshou Dao.
Johnson, Jerry
Alan A Doctor of Traditional Chinese Medicine. He is
well-known for his work in the field of Qigong, Taijiquan,
and Baguazhang. He has written and published numerous books
and videos on martial arts and Qigong. He is the Executive
Director and Founder of the International Institute of
Medical Qigong with branches in the U.S.A., Canada, South
Africa, and Europe. More about him and his school can be
found at www.qigongmedicine.com. See his photo
demonstration under Baguazhang.
Johnson, Jose He
was the Internal Style Grandchampion in the 1995 U.S.
National Wushu Championships. He has also been the
grandchampion at A Taste of China Internal Style
competitions. He is a student of Nick Gracenin. He currently
teaches in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. See his
photo demonstration under Fushi Wushu.
K
Karate-do A
Japanese system of martial arts that combined Chinese martial
arts with the native Okinawan martial arts. In the 1920's it
spread to the Japanese mainland from Okinawa. The original
characters used were , pronounced as tangshoudao in
Chinese. The original characters implied that the art came
from the martial arts of the Chinese Tang Dynasty. In the
1930's, it was changed to the current characters, meaning barehanded
ways, without changing the Japanese pronounciation.
Figure
K-1: Karate/Wang Yu Wa (1978)
Keele, Calvin
A many time Push Hands gold medalist at the West Coast U.S.
and Canadian Wushu competitions. He has completed Level Two
Taijiquan Instructor training at S.Y.L. Wushu Institute. See
his photo demonstrations under Taijiquan and Wushu
Sanshou Dao.
Kejiaquan A
term referring to Southern Styles practiced by the Kejia (,
Hakka) speaking people in China. More specifically, it refers
to the Southern Styles of Guangdong Province; namely,
Diaojiaquan , Zhujiajiao , Niujiajiao , Zhangjiajiao
, etc.
Figure
K-2: Zhangjiajiao/Anthony Goh
Kexingzhang This
style was created by Cheng Kexin . Cheng combined Wushu
with the Yijing . He incorporated bagau , yinyang ,
wuxing , energy channels, and Daoist and Emei Wushu.
Kexingzhang is a Wushu, Qigong, energy healing technique, and
probability prediction style. In recent years, it has been
warmly received by Wushu and Yijing practitioners alike. Its
training content includes: Baguawuxing Kexingzhang ,
Wanshouzhuangong Kexing-zhang , Wanshoupaibing Caiqigong (
), and Kexingzhang Xinlidafa .
Figures
K-3, K-4, and K-5: Kexingzhang/Cheng Kexin
Khow, Malee
She is the president and head instructor of Malees
School of Tai Chi and Kung Fu. She is a certified
international Wushu Kung Fu instructor and judge. She was
born in Thailand and has trained in the martial arts for over
twenty-five years. She has won the annual Thailand Wushu
Competition five times since 1985. She was a gold medalist in
numerous international Wushu competitions. She was the
director of the First New England International Chinese
Martial Arts Championships. More about her and her school can
be found at www.malees-tai-chi-kung-fu.com. See her
photo demonstration under Dao.
King, Declan He
has completed his Level One Taijiquan Instructor training at
S.Y.L. Wushu Institute. See his photo demonstration
under Wushu Sanshou Dao.
Kongmenquan Translated
as Confucius Style. This style is popular in Wuhan City in
Hubei Province. It was created by Hu Tielu during the
beginning of the Qing Dynasty. Hu competed in a fighting
competition and lost. After his defeat, he traveled around
China in search of teachers and friends to improve his
ability. His ability grew during his travels. Hu began to
teach his Wushu to his villagers upon returning from his
travels. Because he was a devotee of Kongzi's (Confucius)
teachings, his Wushu was named Kongmenquan. The known
routines include: Longshi , Hushi , Fengshi , Yunyan
, Longhudou , Huzhanshan , Bilongzhu , and
Laocuchudong . This style is also popular in the Guangdong
Province.
Kung Fu A
generic term referring to Chinese martial arts. Also see gongfu.
Kunlunpai Translated
as Kunlun Mountain Style. This style originated in the Kunlun
Mountains. Legend has it, that the Taoist ancestor, Hongjun
taught three disciples. They were: Laozi , Yuanshi ,
and Tongtian . Among the three, Tongtian was credited as
the originator of Kunglunpai. Yuanshi had 12 disciples.
Later, Kunlunpai was divided into two branchesEastern
and Western Kunlunpai.
In its long history,
there have been many legendary practitioners of Kunlunpai.
During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Taoist, Tieleng , was
well-known and had many prominent students. Legend has it,
that during the Tang Dynasty, Shentianyun , Tianfeng ,
and Tianlei were known for their Kunlunjian ,
Qianyuangong , and Tiangangzhang . During the Song
Dynasty, Wang Long was known for his Bagua Longxingjian
. During the Ming Dynasty, there were seven Taoists of
Kunlun, known as the Kunlun Qijian who were well-known at
that time. During the Qing Dynasty, there were three Taoists
known for their Qianyuan Qixingjian .
Since the five
dynasties mentioned, there have been over 105 generations of
Kunlunpai practitioners. There are eight known barehanded
routines and many weapon routines.
Kunlunquan It
is believed, that this style has been around for over 200
years. The eight key words to this style are: diao hua ,
xiong meng , tun tu , and fu chen .
Kwok, Alex He
is a prominent Mizhongquan practitioner. He has been a
champion in many major tournaments and was rated as the
number one forms competitor in North America in 1974. In
2001, he was certified by the International Wushu Federation
as an International Wushu Forms Judge. He currently teaches
in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. See his photo
demonstration under Mizongquan.
Kwok, Fred He
is the Vice President of the Canadian National Chinese
Martial Arts Federation and the President of the Western
Canada Chinese Martial Arts Association. He is a prominent
Yongchunquan instructor in Vancouver, Canada. He is noted for
his powerful street techniques demonstrated by breaking the
limbs off many wooden dummies. See his photo
demonstration under Yongchunquan.
L
Lai, William
A gold medalist in U.S. Tae Kwon Do competitions. He is a
student of the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute. See his photo
demonstration under Zuiquan.
Lamapai This
is a style developed by the Xizang (Tibet) Mizong Lama .
Legend has it, that this style was developed in the 14th
century by a Lama who witnessed a fight between a white crane
and an ape. The Lama mimiced the movements of the white crane
and the ape, and developed this style.
Figure
L-1: Mizong Lama Staff/Tony Jay
Langzi
Yanqingquan This is the name of a routine that includes
high, medium, and low stances, along with many hand
techniques. Power is often generated from the shoulders and
back. Its movements are agile and constantly turning, and
utilizes an offensive approach in its applications.
Figure
L-2: Langzi Yangqingquan/Fremont Woo
Lanshoumen Translated
as Intercepting Hand Style. Lanshoumen is classified as a
Shaolin Style. Its routines are open and extended. During the
end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing
Dynasty, Zheng Tianxing of Henan Province escaped
Manchurian persecution for his counterrevolutionary
activities and went to Tianjin. In Tianjin City, he taught
Lanshoumen to students. Today, there are two distinct
divisions within Lanshoumen. They are the Hedongpai and
the Hexipai . There were two known original routines.
Practitioners of this style later added many other routines
including: Sidacaoquan , Fanquan , Wuhuapao ,
Yanqingjia , Liulu Tantui ; and many other weapon
routines, sparring routines, and training methods.
Latecki, Narcyz
A. He has won the title of all-around champion many times
in national and international Wushu competitions in Poland
and the U.S. He began his martial arts studies in 1983 and
attained over thirty-two gold medals from 1986 to 1997. He
has studied extensively with several prominent Wushu masters
in China, Poland, and North America. He has been featured in
five instructional videotapes on Chinese martial arts. On
numerous occasions, he has appeared as a guest performer for
the Commonwealth Civic Ballet and the American Chinese Art
Society. He is the founder and head instructor of the Chinese
Martial Arts Health and Fitness Center of Acton. See his
photo demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.
Lau, Francis
A S.Y.L. Wushu Institute instructor and a black belt in
Sanshou Dao. See his photo demonstration under Liuhequan.
Lee, Hansen
He is a former member of the Sichuan Physical Education
College Wushu team and a graduate of the Beijing Physical
Education University. He is a film action director for over
20 action movies and he has also starred in many movies
himself. He currently teaches in Vancouver, Canada. See his
photo demonstration under Bian.
Lee, Johnny
Also known as Lee Kwong Ming. He is a prominent
practitioner of Taijiquan, Baguazhang, Mizongquan, and hard
Qigong. He is one of the first instructors to introduce
traditional Wushu into mainstream America. He has been
featured on the covers of many national martial arts
magazines. He was also named Instructor of the Year and
inducted into the Black Belt Hall of Fame. In 1998, he
co-directed with Jeff Bolt, the World Kung Fu/Wushu
Championships in Florida, one of the largest International
Kung Fu tournaments held in America. He currently teaches at
Lees White Leopard Kung Fu School in Dallas, Texas,
U.S.A. See his photo demonstration under Mizongquan.
Lee, Kam P. He
began his training in Wuzuquan in Malaysia when he was
fifteen. He is a licensed Acupuncture Physician in Florida;
and is the director of the Chinese Medical Center in Orange
Park, Florida. He began teaching Wuzuquan in 1993. He is the
lineage holder of Wuzuquan in the U.S. See his photo
demonstration under Wuzuquan.
Lee, Sanford
He is a Way of the Dragon school instructor, a student of Wu
Wen-Ching, and a black belt in Wushu Sanshou Dao. He has been
a gold medalist in U.S. national and international Wushu
competitions many times. He holds a masters degree from Rhode
Island School of Design and is a graduate of the New England
School of Acupuncture. He now teaches Wushu and practices
acupuncture in Rhode Island and Massachusetts, U.S.A. See his
photo demonstration under Changquan.
Lee, Santos He
is a top student of Hilbert T.S. Yiu and an instructor at the
Choy Lee Fut Shung Ying School in Canada. He has been a gold
medalist in many tournaments in Northwestern U.S.A. and
Canada. He is a committee member of Wushu B.C. See his
photo demonstration under Nanquan.
Leong, John He
is a prominent Wushu practitioner and a pioneer of Kung Fu in
the Pacific Northwest. In 1963, he founded the Seattle Kung
Fu Club. He has taught many students in his Seattle Chinatown
location. He has been featured in many martial arts
magazines, and represented the United States in demonstrating
Kung Fu at the First International Wushu Championships in
Xian, China in 1985. He has organized many charity events
that have featured numerous high profile martial artists. He
is the current Chairman of the United Kung Fu Federation of
North America. See his photo demonstration under Hongjiaquan.
Leung, Howie
He began studying Wushu from Liang Shou-Yu at age eight,
learning different styles of Internal and External styles,
Qinna, Shuaijiao, Sanshou, and Hard Qigong. He has been a
gold medalist and all-around champion of U.S. and Canadian
national and international Wushu championships many times. He
is included in the book, Chinas Contemporary Wushu
Masters . He is a Third Level Black Belt in Wushu
Sanshou Dao. In 2001, he was the gold medalist in the 75 to
80 Kg Canadian National Sanshou competition. He was selected
to represent Canada at the 6th World Wushu Championships. He
is certified by the International Wushu Federation as a coach
and an International Sanshou Judge. He is also the Sanshou
Chairman of Wushu B.C. See his photo demonstrations
under Nanquan, Wushu Sanshou Dao, and Xiandai
Wushu.
Leung, Katrina
She is a many time U.S., Canadian, and Pan American Wushu
all-around champion. She began studying from Liang Shou-Yu at
age 5. In the 1995 World Wushu championships held in the
U.S.A., she attained fifth place in the compulsory staff
category. In the 1997 World Wushu Championships held in Rome
she attained fourth place. In the 1999 World Wushu
Championships held in Hong Kong, she attained third place in
the compulsory staff category and seventh in the compulsory
Changquan category. At age 13, she was one of the youngest
and most accomplished Wushu athletes in the world. She is
included in the book, Chinas Contemporary Wushu
Masters . She has been featured on the CCTV in China.
In 2001, she was selected as a member of the Canadian Wushu
team to compete in the Sixth World Wushu Championships to be
held in Armenia. See her photo demonstrations under Xiandai
Wushu, Changquan, and Gun.
Levenston,
Michael (1951-) He is one of the founding members of the
International Wushu Sanshou Dao Association and an Instructor
at the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute. He has been a student of Liang
Shou-Yu since 1981. He has learned many Internal and External
Styles, and Qigong. He began his martial arts training in
1971 from Yuwa Hedrick-Wong. He has also trained Yang Style
Taijiquan with Raymond Chung, Fu Style Internal Arts with Ken
Chung, and trained Okinawan weapons with Koyabo Shihan. He is
a Sixth Level Black Belt in Wushu Sanshou Dao; and is the
Chairman of the Vancouver Affliate of I.W.S.D. Since 1978, he
has been the Executive Director of City Farmer - Canada Urban
Agriculture. See his photo demonstration under Wushu
Sanshou Dao.
Lew-Watson, Betty
She began her study of Wushu in 1982. In 1989, she met Dr. Wu
Chengde and Professor Wang Jurong. Since 1990, she has
studied Beiquan (Chaquan system) Taijiquan, and short
weapons. Currently, she teaches Taijiquan and Wushu several
days a week, as well as, continues her training under
Professor Wang and Dr. Wu in group and private classes. She
has been actively involved in promoting Wushu in the U.S.A.,
and in developing judging standards and methods for Wushu
competitions. See her photo demonstration under Chaquan.
Li, Enjiu A
native of Shandong Province. He was the coach of Licheng
County , principle of Jinanshi Jiaoqu Tixiao , and Jinan
City Wushu Head Coach. He has been a gold medalist in China
national competitions. He is a prominent representative of
Chen Style Taijiquan. His students have attained over
eighteen gold and five silver medals in China national Taiji
Push Hands competitions. He has been invited on numerous
occasions to give workshops in the U.S. and Japan. He is also
a prominent practitioner of Chaquan, Paoquan, Sunbinquan,
Tanglangquan, and Two Handed Sword. See his photo
demonstration under Taijiquan.
Li, Jinheng
He is a former member of the Beijing Wushu team. He was also
a member of the China Wushu Youth Representative that
performed in many countries. He was a gold medalist in Rope
Dart in a China national Wushu championship. He has organized
several Wushu competitions in the Phoenix, Arizona area,
where he currently teaches. See his photo
demonstrations under Jian and Xiandai Wushu.
Li, Michael
Also known as Li Yongqian. He has been the chief judge of
U.S. national and international Sanshou competitions. He
graduated from Beijing Physical Education University in 1984.
He has been the gold medalist many times in forms and Sanshou
categories during Gansu provincial and China national Wushu
competitions. He was the 1993 U.S. Wushu team coach, and an
advisor of the U.S.A. Wushu Kung Fu Federation. See his
photo demonstrations under Xiandai Wushu, Chuojiao,
Huaquan, Piguaquan, Bajiquan, and Xibei
Difangquan.
Li, Rong (1962-)
She began her Wushu training in 1974 from Liang Shou-Yu. Later,
she entered Chengdu Physical Education University. She became
a Wushu instructor of Sichuan Provincial Wushu school in
1985. She was instrumental in the compilation of Wushu books
about Sichuan Wushu styles and weapons; and received an
individual award for her pioneering efforts in organizing and
rediscovering Wushu. In 1990, her teacher, Liang Shou-Yu,
assisted her in coming to Canada. She received a gold medal
both for her double sword and Chen Style Taijiquan in the 5th
World Cup International Championships. She is a Seventh Level
Black Belt in Wushu. She is included in the book, Biography
of China's Prominent Wushu Practitioners . See her
photo demonstration under Emei Wushu.
Li, Sam He is
a many time U.S. and Canadian national Wushu competition
grandcham-pion. He was a member of the 1999 Canadian Wushu
team. He is an instructor at the Canadian Chinese Martial
Arts Training Center, and one of Ken Low's top students. In
2001, he was selected as a member of the Canadian National
team to compete in the Sixth World Wushu Championships to be
held in Armenia. See his photo demonstration under Bian.
Li, Wenqi He
is also known as Wayland Li. He has been the gold medalist
many times in individual competitions in China. He was the
head coach of the National Wushu team for the Republic of
Mongolia, and was the head coach for the Canadian National
Wushu team in 1995 and 1997. He currently operates a
successful Modern Wushu Centre in Toronto, Canada. See his
photo demonstration under Gun.
Liang, Helen
Also known as Liang Hao. Liang Shou-Yus eldest
daughter. She began studying Wushu from her father, Liang
Shou-Yu at age 4. She is a former Sichuan provincial athlete,
and a S.Y.L. Wushu Institute instructor. She has received
numerous gold medals in international competitions. She is a
graduate of the University of British Columbia with a degree
in Economics. Her Liuhebafa performance has been broadcast on
numerous TV stations in the United States, and her Shequan
performance with her sister, Maria, has been broadcast on TV
stations in China. She has been featured numerous times in
Chinese and English Wushu magazines. She is also included in
the book, Chinas Contemporary Wushu Masters . See
her photo demonstrations under Baguazhang, Xingyiquan,
Liuhebafa, Shequan, and Shan.
Liang, Maria
Also known as Liang Shuang. Liang Shou-Yus youngest
daughter. She has received numerous gold medals in
international Wushu competitions. She is a graduate of the
University of British Columbia with a degree in Computer
Science. She is a S.Y.L. Wushu Institute instructor. She is
also included in the book, Chinas Contemporary Wushu
Masters . See her photo demonstrations under Hongquan
, Shequan, Xiandai Wushu, and Dao.
Liang, Qiangya
He is a formal disciple of Fu Zhensong . When Fu Zhensong
traveled to southern China for the second time in 1945, he
stayed in the home of Liang Qiangya and taught his Wushu to
Liang Qiang-Ya. He is the director of the Guangzhou Wushu
Committee; the Executive Director, Vice President, and Chief
Training Officer for the Guangzhou Wudang Association;
advisor and guest coach of Hong Kong Association for
Advancement of Bagua Martial Arts; and the coach for the
Martial Arts Association of Guangzhou Herbal University,
Martial Arts Association of Guangzhou Institute of Medicine,
and Martial arts Association of Guangzhou Foreign Trade
College. He is a prominent practitioner of Fushi and Wudang
Wushu. See his photo demonstrations under Fushi
Wushu and Wudang Wushu.
Liang, Shihong
(1946-) In 1962, he was the all-around champion of the
Guangdong Provincial championships. From 1974-1983, he was
the coach of the Guangdong Wushu team, and a judge at China
national Wushu competitions. In 1980, he was the coach of the
Guangdong Hard Qigong and Wushu Performance team that visited
all over Asian countries. He also taught Qigong and Wushu in
Australia. He has written a book about Liuhebafa. He
currently has an acupuncture and Qigong healing practice in
Vancouver, Canada. See his photo demonstrations under Liuhebafa
and Jian.
Liang, Shou-Yu
(1942-) He began his Wushu and Qigong studies at age 6. He is
a Coaches of Excellence recipient from China. In his
youth, he received many gold medals in provincial and
national Wushu, Shuaijiao, and weight lifting competitions.
He has published over 20 books and videos. He has been the
Wushu Chairperson and faculty member of the U.B.C. since
1984. He has been the Head Coach of the Canadian Wushu team
many times. He is the founder of the I.W.S.D. Association,
and the Vice President of the Confederation of Canadian Wushu
Organizations. He has been the Referee General in
international Wushu competitions many times. He is included
in the books The Biography of China's Prominent Wushu
Practitioners , Chinas Contemporary Wushu
Masters , Who's Who in the World , and The
Record of Prominent Chinese Descendants in the World . See
his photo demonstrations throughout this book.
Lianmenquan Translated
as the United Fist. It was known to have existed since the
1850s in eastern Sichuan Province. The known routines
include: Lianbachui , Huzichiu , and Bifengdandao .
Lianshouduanda Translated
as Connected Hands and Short Strikes. It is also known as
Gouguaizi . Its origin can be traced back to Cangzhou ,
Hebei Province.
Liaoning Province
A Chinese province located on the lower part of northeastern
China. It borders the Bohai Sea to its south, North Korea to
its southeast, and Jilin to its northeast. It covers 145
thousand square kilometers with a population of over 41
million people as of 1999.
Lin, Siyan He
is a former member of the Washington University Wushu team.
See his photo demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.
Lintunen, Juha A.
He was the 1995 Canadian national Karate invitational free
fighting and forms grandchampion. In 1993, he was the bronze
medalist at the Wado Kao Karate invitational free fighting
competition. He has been studying Taijiquan and Sanshou for
many years. In 1994, he received a gold medal at the Shanghai
International Wushu Festival/Competition. He is a Third Level
Black Belt in Sanshou Dao. See his photo demonstration
under Wushu Sanshou Dao.
Liquan Translated
as Li Family Fist. This style was created by Li Ci , a monk
from Fujian Shaolin Temple. It spread to Guangdong Province
and became one of the popular Southern Styles in Guangdong
today.
Liu, Shawn Also
known as Liu Xiangyang and De Ru. He is the 31st generation
disciple of the Shaolin Temple in Henan Province. He has
often been the chief judge of U.S. national Sanshou
competition, and the head coach of the U.S. Sanshou team. He
is the president of the East-West Health and Wellness Center
and the East-West International Culture and Arts Exchange,
Inc. See his photo demonstrations under Luohanquan and
Shaolin Wuquan.
Liu, Weixiong
He was a member of the 1986 and 1996 Canadian Wushu team. He
was a silver medalist in the First Pan American Wushu
Championship. He received his diploma for the 2000
International Wushu Coach Training Course. He is the coach of
the Montreal Wushu Institute. See his photo
demonstration under Zuiquan.
Liu, Yu A
former member of the Jiangsu Wushu Professional team. She
attained the title of National Collegiate Taiji Champion in
1987. She graduated from the Beijing Physical Education
University in 1989. She has served as a coach of the U.S.A.
Wushu team in 1997, 1998, and 1999. She has been the chief
judge at many U.S. national and international Wushu
championships. She is a Seventh Level Black Belt in Wushu,
awarded by the Chinese Wushu Institute. She currently teaches
San Luis Obispo, California, U.S.A. See her photo
demonstrations under Changquan, Jian, and Gou.
Liuhebafa Also
known as Water Boxing. This is an Internal Style Wushu
translated as Six Unities and Eight Principles. Legend has
it, that it was created by Chen Bo of the Hua Mountains
during the Song Dynasty. This style utilizes power similar to
Xingyiquan as its center; utilizes the similar stepping
patterns of Baguazhang for its turning and spinning; and
utilizes the similar neutralizing power of Taijiquan for its
variations. Its movements are sometimes high, sometimes low,
sometimes fast, and sometimes slow. These movements resemble
that of floating clouds and flowing water, in that they are
sometimes calm and sometimes surging. This is why Liuhebafa
is also known as Water Style. The movements of Liuhebafa are
constantly fluctuating with clearly defined forward,
backward, upward, downward, and lateral motions. Each and
every movement is led by the mind . The mind initiates and
the movements follow which is why it is also known as Xinyi
Liuhebafa .
Liuhe refers to:
the unity of the heart and the mind ; the unity of the
mind and qi ; the unity of qi and shen ; the unity of
shen and movement ; and the unity of movement and emptiness
. Bafa refers to: circulating qi to gather the spirit ;
condensing the power to the bones ; disguising the obvious
and mimicking the shapes ; being flexible in strategy ;
elevating into a state of emptiness ; continuous without
stopping ; calm in protecting one's disadvantage ; and
illusive in hiding one's advantage .
There are two
Liuhebafa routines: Liuhebafaquan and the Sanpan Shiershi
routine. The Liuhebafaquan consists of sixty-six postures
including over five hundred martial applications. It is
divided into two sections, and each section can be practiced
as a routine. The Sanpan Shiershi routine is for foundation
training; and includes advancing, retreating, rising, and
lowering movements, which are designed to develop reaction
skills for combat.
Because this style
contains characteristics of Taijiquan, Baguazhang, and
Xingyiquan, practitioners of the different lineages may
practice Liuhebafa with the characteristics of either
Taijiquan, Baguazhang, or Xingyiquan.
Figure
L-3: Close the Door and Push the Moon
Posture/Liang Shou-Yu
Figure
L-4: Turn Over the River and Empty the Sea
Posture /Liang Shihong
Figure
L-5: Liuhebafa/Helen Liang
Figure
L-6: Liuhebafa/Liang Shou-Yu
Figure
L-7: Liuhebafa/Wu Wen-Ching
Liuhemen Translated
as Six Harmony Style. This style has been around for over 400
years. It was already noted in the book, Jixiaoxinshu (,
The New Book of Effective Discipline) by the Ming
Dynasty General, Qi Jiguang . Liuhe refers to the six
directions north, east, south, west, up, and down. It also
refers to the unity of internal and external components. The
three internal unities are: the heart and mind unite;
yi and qi unite; and qi and shen unite. The three
external unities are: upper arms and waist unite; the elbows
and knees unite; and the shoulders and thighs unite. There
are over eleven known barehanded routines, nineteen weapons
routines, three sparring routines, and several hard Qigong
methods for iron shirt training.
Figure
L-10: Liuheqiang /Bill Chen
Liuhequan Translated
as Six Harmony Fist. Liuhe refers to the focus of the six
directions: east, west, north, south, up, and down; the unity
of hands and eyes ; the unity of stepping and body
movements ; and the unity of strategy and power delivery
. Some the the known routines and training include: Tantui
, Yingmenpao , Xinglongquan , Huagongquan , Xingquan
, Liujiashi , Babuxingzou , Meihua Bian Silukaoda ,
Qishierba Qinna ( ), and many weapon and shuaijiao.
Figure
L-8: Liuhequan/Francis Lau
Figure
L-9: Group Liuhequqan/S.Y.L. Wushu Institute
Students: Tana, Audrey, Jacob, Emily,
Cynthia, Jacob, Bonnie, James, Sandy, Davis,
Gabe, Gabe, and Kevin
Liujiaquan Translated
as Liu Family Fist. This style was created by Liu Shen of
Guangdong Province. Liu is also known as Liu Sanyan and
Liu Qingshan . It is one of the popular Southern Styles in
Guangdong.
Liuxingchui Translated
as Comet Hammer. This is also referred to as feichui ,
flying hammer. It is classifed as a concealed weapon and it
usually consists of a roped section with a heavy object tied
to one end (Drawing L-1). It is used to wrap around an
opponent to immobilize them and to strike opponent from a
distance.
Lo, Ken Also
known as Lo Shing Kwei. He is a prominent practitioner of
Wumeipai in the U.S.. He is the disciple of Peng Hseih . He
currently teaches at the Wu Mei Kung Fu Association in New
York. More information about him and his school can be found
at www.wumei.com. See his photo demonstration
under Wumeipai.
Lo, Perry A
many time gold, silver, and bronze medalist in U.S. and
Canadian international Wushu competitions. He is a S.Y.L.
Wushu Institute instructor. See his photo
demonstrations under Xiandai Wushu and Wushu
Sanshou Dao.
Long Fist see
Changquan
Long River see
Yangtze River
Longxingquan Translated
as Dragon Style. This is an imitation type and a Southern
Style. This style utilizes the legendary dragon
characteristics in its movements and applications. It is
popular in Hong Kong and Fujian Province. Some of the known
routines include: Angfengpilan , Qichuibagan , Simen ,
Ershi-basu , and Taizao .
Figure
L-11: Longxingquan/Zou Fu
Low, Ken The
founder of the Western Canada Martial Arts Association. He is
a prominent practitioner of many Wushu styles, the vice
president of the Confederation of Canadian Wushu
Organizations, and an advisor for the International Wushu
Sanshou Dao Association. He was the leader for the Canadian
National Wushu team. He has organized 21 annual West Coast
Canadian-American Championships. He is one of the most
significant Wushu contributors in Canada. He is the President
of Wushu B.C. See his photo demonstrations under Baimeiquan,
Hongjiaquan, and Mizongquan.
Lu, Biao A
disciple of the Shaolin Temple. His Buddhist name is Xingbiao
. He is a former member of the Henan Provincial Wushu team.
He graduated from Wuhan Physical Education College ; is a
board member of the International Shaolin Medical Study ;
and has organized three International Shaolin Wushu Festivals
. He currently teaches in San Gabriel, California, U.S.A. See
his photo demonstration under Gun.
Lu, Fenglin A
native of Shanghai City. He is an instructor at the China
Grand View International Wushu Competition Center . He is
known for his Liuhebafa, Wujiquan, Taijiquan, Baguazhang, and
Yuejiaquan. He currently teaches in Los Angeles, California,
U.S.A. See his photo demonstration under Xiliangquan.
Lu, Xiaoling
A former member of the Sichuan Wushu team. She is a graduate
of the Beijing Physical Education University and has a
master's degree in Wushu. She has published several martial
arts books and has won numerous gold medals in Chinese
national Wushu competitions. She served as the coach of the
U.S. Wushu team in 1993, 1995, and 1996. She is an
International Wushu Forms Judge, certified by the
International Wushu Federation, and is one of the significant
contributors of Wushu in the United States. She is a Seventh
Level Black Belt in Wushu, awarded by the Chinese Wushu
Institute. See her photo demonstration under Emei
Wushu.
Lu, Yuzhi A
former instructor of the Shandong Qufu Athletic University
. She has produced numerous instructional Wushu video
tapes. She has been a judge at U.S. national and
international Wushu competitions. She currently teaches in
Albany, NY. See her photo demonstration under Nanquan.
Lulinpai Translated
as the Green Forest Style. Legend has it, that Liu Zhong
attempted to assassinate the Qing Emperor Yongzheng (,
1723-1735), but failed. Liu escaped to the Qingcheng
Mountains and studied Wushu there. Later, he exchanged
techniques with Wushu practitioners all over the country and
absorbed the essence of different styles, and created
Lulingpai.
Luo, Cindy A
member of the Canadian Wushu team and is a Canadian national
Wushu champion. In the 1999 World Wushu Championships held in
Hong Kong, she attained seventh place in the compulsory saber
category. In 2001, she was selected as a member of the
Canadian National Wushu team to compete in the Sixth World
Wushu Championships to be held in Armenia. See her
photo demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.
Luo, Hongyuen
He graduated from the Guangzhou Physical Education University
in 1983. He is a former instructor at Huanan Teacher's
University . He is the founder of Ji Hong Tai Chi College
of Canada. He was one of the people instrumental in the
formation of the Confederation of Canadian Wushu
Organizations where he served as the Vice President for the
first term. In 1999, he served as the Sanshou team manager of
the Canadian Wushu team. In 2001, he was certifed by the
International Wushu Federation as an International Wushu
Forms Judge. See his photo demonstration under Taijiquan.
Luohanquan This
is a type of Shaolin Wushu. The known routines include:
Sishiba Luohan , Liushiba Luohan , and Yilingba Luohan
.
Figure
L-12: Shaolin Luhanquan/Shawn Liu
Luomen Translated
as Luo Family Style. Legend has it, that during the end of
the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty,
General Luo Yi and his son General Luo Cheng created
this style. The style taught by Luo Yi was known as the large
frame old Luomen. In addition to learning from his father,
Luo Cheng also learned from his teacher, Hong Daoren . Luo
Cheng later created the small frame new Luomen.
The characteristics
of Luomen include the flavors of both Northern and Southern
Style Wushu. There are seventeen known barehanded routines,
fourteen weapon routines, and several training methods.
Lykins, Jeffrey He
began his Wushu training in 1975 and has been studying from
Wu Wen-Ching since 1999. He is an assistant instructor at The
Way of the Dragon School; and he is an architect in Rhode
Island. See his photo demonstrations under Baguazhang
and Wushu Bingqi.
M
Maclean, Kelly
A many time U.S. and Canadian national and international
grandcham-pion in Internal Styles. She began studying
Internal and External Style Wushu and Qigong from Liang
Shou-Yu in 1988. She attained 6th place in the 1999 World
Wushu Championships held in Hong Kong in the southern staff
category, and three gold medals in the Sixth World Cup
International Championship. She is the first non-Chinese
decent person to be included in the book, Chinas
Contemporary Wushu Masters . She is an instructor at
the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute and University of British Columbia
in Vancouver, Canada and is the Tai Chi Chairperson of Wushu
B.C. See her photo demonstrations under Emeici,
Taijiquan, Xiandai Wushu, and Wushu Sanshou
Dao.
Mak, Hin Fai
A champion of many full contact competitions in Hong Kong. He
is a protege of Koon Hung Lee. He currently teaches
Cailifoquan in Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. See his photo
demonstration under Cailifoquan.
Manshouquan Translated
as Full Hand Fist. The origin of this style is unknown. There
are fourteen known barehanded routines and one weapon routine
known as Nanyangdao .
Mao A spear
like weapon (Drawing M-1). It is basically the same as a
spear with the exception of the metal tip. The metal tip is
longer than the spear tip, and has a snake like shape.
Masich, Sam
He has been training and teaching Internal Arts for over 20
years. In 1985, he began studying Taijiquan and other
Internal and External Style Wushu with Liang Shou-Yu. He has
also studied from Yang Jwing-Ming, Jou Tsung Hwa, Yang
Zhenduo, Chen Xiaowang, and Chung Yam Man. He was many times
a multiple gold medalist in national competitions. He was a
member of the Canadian National Wushu team in 1985. He has
been the Chief Referee in the U.S. All Taijiquan
Championships since 1989. He currently teaches in Canada and
travels around the world giving workshops. He has produced 14
instructional videos about Taijiquan, Qigong, Push Hands, and
Xingyiquan. See his photo demonstrations under Taijiquan
and Baguazhang.
May, Ryan He
started his martial arts training with Kempo in 1993. He has
been studying Wushu from Wu Wen-Ching since 1998. He is a way
of the Dragon School assistant instructor. See his
photo demonstrations under Baguazhang and Wushu
Bingqi.
Mazloum, Naji He
is a prominent medical doctor with a specialty in surgery.
Currently Dr. Mazloum has his practice in the New England
area. He started his martial arts training in 1970 with
Karate, Judo, Aikido, Iaido, and Kenjiutsu. He began his
Taijiquan, Xingyiquan, Baguazhang, and Qigong studies with Wu
Wen-Ching in 1997. See his photo demonstration under Xingyiquan.
McKay, Gord He
completed his Level One Taijiquan Instructor training at
S.Y.L. Wushu Institute. See his photo demonstration
under Wushu Sanshou Dao.
Means, Howard He
started his Wushu training in 1994. He has been studying with
Wu Wen-Ching since 1999; and is an assistant instructor at
The Way of the Dragon School. See his photo
demonstrations under Baguazhang and Wushu Sanshou
Dao.
Meehan, J. Justin
He is a St. Louis trial attorney. He is the Central State
Missouri Representative of Feng Zhiqiangs U.S.A.
Taijiquan Academy under Zhang Xuexin. He is the President of
the Chinese Internal Arts Center and Missouri Director of the
Chinese Culture Society, and is a nationally recognized
writer on the martial arts, especially Taijiquan. He is an
advisor for the U.S.A. Wushu-Kung Fu Federation. He has
studied the martial arts for 40 years and Taijiquan
specifically for over 33 years. He has studied Qigong from
Liang Shou-Yu for more than 10 years. More about him can be
found at www.stltaiji.com. See his photo demonstration
under Taijiquan.
Meihuaquan Translated
as Palm Flower Fist. Legend has it, that Meihuaquan was
created at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of
the Qing Dynasty. There have been over 16 generations of this
style. It is classified as Changquan. Its training is often
done on posts partially buried in the ground in a palm flower
pattern, thereby, the name Palm Flower Fist.
Meishiquan Translated
as Mei Family Style. Legend has it, that this style was
taught by a nun during the reign of the Qing Emperor, Guangxu
, between 1875 and 1908. Since the nuns last name was
Mei, the style was named Meishiquan. This style focuses on
the applications of the legs. There are eight known
barehanded routines, three weapon routines, and a training
method known as Shierliangongfa .
Meng, Xiantang
One of the major representatives of Sunbinquan. He is a
student of Sun Wenbin . He organized three Sunbingquan
Wushu competitions in China. He is the author of Sunbinquan
of China . See his photo demonstration under Sunbinquan.
Meridian Ax
Couple see Yuanyangyue
Mianquan Translated
as Cotton Fist. Practitioners of this style are required to
attain a high level of flexibility. It is also known as
Yanshou , referring to the characteristics of extending the
arms during its applications. Their traditional routines
include: Liujiashi and Bazhe .
Mianzhang Translated
as Cotton Palm. This style primarily utilizes the palms in
its applications. There are three known routines and many
weapon training. Shisantaibaogong is one of their
foundation training. This style is also known for its spear
techniques.
Miaoquan This
style focuses heavily on internal cultivation and sticking
training. The known training includes: Sanshiliugong and
Qishierfang . The known barehanded routines include: Simen
, Dasimen , Xiaosimen , Kaisimen , Bisimen , and
Zangshanzhuang . There are also many weapon routines.
Minghaiquan This
is an Emei Style, created by a monk named Minghai . Minghai
was a Shaolin Temple monk who migrated to Sichuan Province
and studied Sichuan Wushu. Later, he combined Shaolin Wushu
with the indigenous Sichuan Wushu and became Minghaiquan.
There are seven known barehanded routines and two Pudao
weapon routines.
Mizongquan Translated
as Lost Track Style. Legend has it, that this style was
created by Cheng Juxiao . Chengs maternal grandfather
and mother were practitioners of Mizongyi . His maternal
grandfather and his mother immigrated from northern China to
Guangdong Province. Cheng learned from his grandfather and
his mother and further developed his family style into
Mizongquan. There are over thirty-six different basic
routines referred to as Mizong Luohanquan .
Some people believe
that Mizongquan and Yanqingquan came from the same origin. It
is believed that they were taught by Sun Tong of Shandong
Province during the reign of the Qing Emperor, Qianlong
between 1736 and 1795. Sun taught his Wushu to the
grandfather of Huo Yuanjia . This branch became known as
Mizongquan. Another of Suns lineage was taught by Zhang
Yaoting . Zhangs branch became known as Yanqingquan.
Also see Yanqingquan.
Figure
M-1: Mizong Luohanquan/Johnny Lee
Figure
M-2: Mizong Luohanquan/Ken Low
Figure
M-3: Mizong Luohanquan/Alex Kwok
Modern Wushu see
Xiandai Wushu
Monkey Style see
Houquan
Moquan Translated
as Mo Family Fist. This style was created by a Buddhist Chan
priest, Zhishan of the Fujian Shaolin Temple. It is a
popular Southern Style in Guangdong Province. Some of the
known routines include: Mojia Zhengzongquan , Zhuangquan
, Sanzhi-bi , Suishou , Shuanlongchuhai , and
Zhishiquan .
Mulanquan A
derivative of Huatao Wuyi. This style was created by Ying
Meifeng of Shanghai. It is an exercise that combines Wushu
with modern calisthenics. It utilizes the yin-yang philosophy
and Qigong breathing in its practice. It also utilizes
appropriate music to assist the practitioner in achieving a
tranquil state. This allows the body to attain a proper
energetic balance to prevent illness, heal diseases, and
attain longevity. There are six Mulanquan routines,
including: two barehanded routines, one single fan routine,
one single sword routine, one double fan routine, and one
double sword routine.
Information provided
by Zang Lijuan.
Figures
M-4 and M-6: Mulanquan/Zang Lijuan
Figure
M-5: Mulan Fan/Cheng Aiping
Figure
M-7: Mulan Single Sword/Zang Lijuan
N
Nanquan Translated
as Southern Style. Nanquan is not one particular style, but a
classification of styles with their origin primarily south of
the Yangtze River. Generally, all the Wushu styles
originating in the southern provinces of China are considered
Nanquan or Southern Style. We have introduced many of the
Nanquan styles under their own heading. Here we will list the
popular Nanquan styles in Southern Chinese provinces
including those we have already introduced, as well as, many
that we have not.
Guangdong Nanquan
: Hongjiaquan , Caiquan , Liquan , Moquan ,
Cailifoquan , Huheshuanxing , Xiaquan , Yongchunquan
, Baimeiquan , Nanzhiquan , Ruquan , Fojiaquan ,
Diajiaquan , Zhujiajiao , Yuejiajiao , Zhongjiajiao ,
and Kunlunquan .
Guangxi Nanquan
: Zhoujiaquan , Tulongquan , Hongmen Fuhuquan , and
Xiaocheda .
Fujian Nanquan
: Nanshaolin Wuxingquan including Dragon, Tiger,
Leopard, Snake, and Crane; Wuzuquan , Luohanquan ,
Meihuazhuang , Lianchengquan , Diquanquan , Yongjiafa
, Wumeiquan , Shiquan , Houquan , Yufa , Jifa ,
Rufa , and Fangwuji .
Hunan Nanquan
: Wujiaquan , Xuejiajiao , and Yuejiajiao .
Hubei Nanquan
: Hongmen , Kongmenquan , Yuemenquan , Yumenquan ,
Sunmenquan , Wujiayi , Naimen , Fomen , Yinxianmen
, Shuihumen , Zhengmen , Yanmen , and Xiongmen .
Sichuan Nanquan :
Cengmen , Yuemen , Zhaomen , Dumen , Hongmen ,
Huamen , Zimen , and Huimen .
Jiangxi Nanquan
: Sanshiliulu Songjiangquan .
Zhejiang Nanquan
: Heihuquan , Jingangquan , Wenzhouquan , and
Taizhaoquan .
There are also
Suzhou Nanquan , Wuxi Nanquan , Shanghai Difanquan ,
and Changzhouquan . Among all these Nanquan styles, there
are over one thousand barehanded and weapon routines.
Figure
N-1: Hongjiaquan/Raymond Cheung
Figure
N-2: Nanquan/Andrew Wu
Figure
N-3: Dayanquan /Lu Yuzhi
Figure
N-4: Competition Nanquan/Howie Leung
Figure
N-5: Southern Saber/Santos Lee
Figure
N-6: Fujian Hequan/Paul Hoover
Figure
N-7: Nanquan/Kit Poon
Figure
N-8: Southern Praying Mantis/Andrew Chung
Figure
N-9: Nanquan/Rick Sue
Nanzhiquan Legend
has it, that Nanzhiquan was created by Nanzhu , a monk from
the Fujian Shaolin Temple. Nanzhi escaped from the Southern
Shaolin Province after the temple was burned by the Qing
army. Nanzhi escaped to Guangdong Province and taught his
Wushu to his students. There are over twenty different
barehanded and weapon routines.
Narrow Blade
Sword see Jian
Naughton, Dianne
A senior disciple of Pan Qingfu. She is a many time gold
medalist in U.S. and Canadian international and national
Wushu competitions. She has been featured with her teacher in
numerous TV programs. She currently teaches in the Toronto
area, Canada. See her photo demonstration under Ditangquan.
Nei Mongol
Zizhiqu A autonomous region in northern China, also known
as Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It covers over 1.1
million square kilometers with a population of over 23
million people as of 1999.
Neijiaquan Translated
as Internal Fist. Legend traces its origin back to Zhang
Sanfeng . One of the predominant representatives of
Neijiaquan was Zhang Songxi of the Qing Dynasty.
Therefore, this style is also known as Songxi Neijiaquan to
distinguish it from the generic term Neijiaquan, referring to
all Internal Style Wushu. After Zhang Songxi, the prominent
practitioners of this style included Ye Jimei , Dan Sinan
, and Wang Zhengnan .
Neijiaquan A
generic term referring to all Internal Style Wushu such as
Taijiquan, Xingyiquan, Baguazhang, and Liuhebafa. It is a
term used in contrast with Waijiaquan , External Style.
Nine Sectioned
Chain see Bian
Ningxia Huizu
Zizhiqu An autonomous region around central China which
borders Shaanxi to its east and Inner Mogol to its north. It
covers over 66 thousand square kilometers with a population
of over 5 million people as of 1999.
Ng, Paul A
1985 Canadian National Wushu team member. He is a
practitioner of Mizongquan. In the early 1980's, he began
studying Internal and External Style Wushu from Liang
Shou-Yu. In recent years, he began an in-depth study of
Qigong and Taijiquan achieving high attainments. He currently
teaches in Canada. See his photo demonstration under Taijiquan.
Ng, Sam He is
the Vice-Chairman and Treasurer of the International Choy Lay
Fut Kung Fu Federation of America. He is a fifth generation
practitioner of Cailifoquan. He has been practicing
Cailifoquan for over 29 years and has been teaching publicly
for over 10 years. In 1997, he founded the Ng Family Chinese
Martial Arts Association with his son, Philip Ng. He has been
involved in both organizing and performing in numerous
martial arts demonstrations in the Chicago area. See his
photo demonstration under Cailifoquan.
Ngu, Augustin
He is a prominent Baihequan practitioner in Canada with many
schools in the Toronto, Canada area. He is a Sanshou judge
certified by the International Wushu Federation. Currently,
he is the President of the Canadian Guo Shu Federation;
Chairman of the United Wushu Federation of Canada; President
of the White Crane Kung Fu Society of Canada; and Kung Fu
instructor of the Buddhist progress Society of Toronto. See
his photo demonstration under Baihequan.
Nojiri, Yumi
She was the 1997 all-around champion at A Taste of China
Internal Wushu competition. She is a student of Kelly Maclean
and Liang Shou-Yu. See her photo demonstration under Taijiquan.
Northern Shaolin
Temple see Shaolin Temple
Northern Style
see Beipai
O
Ott, Rudi A
member of the U.S. Sanshou team participating in several
world Wushu competitions. He is a many time U.S. national
Sanshou competition gold medalist. He is a black belt in
Sanshou Dao. He studied Xingyiquan and Dapeng Qigong from
Liang Shou-Yu. He was a Sanshou instructor at S.Y.L. Wushu
Institute. He is currently in the U.S. training Sanshou with
Cung Le. See his photo demonstration under Wushu Sanshou
Dao.
P
Pa Kua Chang see
Baguazhang
Painter, John He
was one of the first Americans to introduce Baguazhang to the
West through his articles and video tapes. He began his
training in 1957 under the tutelage of Li Longdao of Sichuan
Province in the family style of Jiulong Baguazhang. He has a
Ph.D. in naturopathic medicine. He is listed in the book, Whos
Who in the Chinese Martial Arts, Master, Founders, and
Leaders of the Chinese Martial Arts. He was elected three
times to the Inside Kung-Fu magazine Hall of Fame and is a
member of the Texas Martial Arts Hall of Fame. He presently
operates the Gompa Center, the oldest Chinese martial arts
school in Texas and seven Baguazhang schools worldwide. See
his photo demonstration under Baguazhang.
Pan, Qingfu A
prominent international Wushu practitioner. His nickname is Iron
Fist. He was the former Wushu coach for the Liaoning
Provincial Wushu team , for the Shenyang Physical Education
Institute , for the Hunan Provincial Wushu team , for the
Tianjin City Wushu team , and the head coach of the China
Wushu Good Will team . He was awarded one of the
"Pioneers in the Development of Sports in New China
". He has starred in many Wushu movies. He has been the
referee general for Canadian national and Pan American Wushu
Championships. He is a honorary chairman and honorary head
coach of the Confederation of Canadian Wushu Organizations.
He currently teaches in Toronto, Canada. See his photo
demonstrations under Jian and Qiang.
Panpomen This
is a style that originated in Sichuan Province. It is popular
in the eastern and southern parts of Sichuan. Their stances
are generally high; hand movements are small, but constantly
changing; kicks are low and fast; and steps are quick and
agile. There are sixty-six known barehanded routines, sixteen
weapon routines, two sparring routines, and thirteen training
methods.
Paochui Translated
as Cannon Hammer. Pauchui is also known as Sanhuang Paochui
. Sanhuang refers to the ancient emperors of China: Fuxi
, Shennon , and Huangdi , implying the ancient nature
of the style. Paochui refers to the cannon like power of the
style. Pauchui can be traced back to the Song Mountain
Shaolin Temple. It was taught by the Shaolin monk, Pu Zao
to Gan Fengchi , and to other students. There are over 9
generations in the Pauchui lineage. Paochui is classified as
Changquan.
Peng, Youlian
He is a graduate from the Department of Physical Education at
Beijing Teacher's University. He is the President of the Peng
You Taijiquan Association; Chairman of the Thunder Bay
International Tai Chi Festival; and the Chief Taiji
Instructor of the Thunder Bay 55 Plus Centre. He is the
recipient of the 2001 Best Chinese Canadian Entrepreneurs
Award; and the Best Community Service Award. See his
photo demonstration under Taijiquan.
Piguaquan Translated
as Splitting and Hooking Fist. Legend has it, that this style
was created by Zuo Baohai , a Shaolin monk. Some believe
that it was created by Li Linbiao of the Hebei Province.
It is believed that this style has existed since the Ming
Dynasty. Towards the end of the Qing Dynasty, Pan Wenxue
was known to have taught this style.
Piguaquan uses both
short and long range applications. It utilizes the waist and
back as the pivot point to turn the body from side to side.
The arms and hands are trained until they are fast like
falling "rain drops" in a storm, for a continuous
attack. It is also known as Tongbei Piquaquan.
In its movements,
the arms are relaxed and swift with power connected
throughout the body, and the chopping power, like an
explosion going off. It emanates the soft-hard
characteristic. Piquaquan emphasizes the chests opening
and closing movements, the turning of the waist, along with
the swinging of the arms; to attain large opening and closing
applications.
Figure
P-1: Piguaquan/Gao Xian
Figure
P-2: Piguaquan/Michael Li
Figure
P-3: Piguaquan/Tjhie Wie Hong
Figure
P-4: Fengmogun /Michael Li
Pole see Gun
Poon, Kit He
is a student of Lu Hongyuen and Gu Daijuan. He has been a
gold medalist many times in Wushu competitions. In 2001, he
was selected as a member of the Canadian National team to
compete in the Sixth World Wushu Championships to be held in
Armenia. See his photo demonstration under Nanquan.
Praying Mantis
Style see Tanglangquan
Pyne, William He
began his Wushu training with Wu Wen-Ching in 1992. He is an
instructor at The Way of the Dragon School; and is a data
base programer and computer consultant. See his photo
demonstration under Wushu Bingqi.
Q
Qi 1. Energy.
2. Breath. 3. The intrinsic substance that makes up the
cosmos. 4. In traditional Chinese Medicine, it refers to the
intrinsic substance that flows in the human body and is the
impelling force for all living activities. 5. In Wushu, it is
the component of internal strength developed by the
practitioner for accomplishing what seems to be incredible
tasks.
Qi, Ke Bao (1944-)
A graduate of Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
. He has been practicing Wushu since a young age. He is a
disciple of Wu Chongguang , a sixth generation practitioner
of Yang Style Taijiquan, and a practitioner of Baguazhang and
Chuojiao. He is also a successor of Feng Jinsheng from the
Chinese Daoist Hunyuanpai lineage. He currently has his
healing practice and teaches Taijiquan in Columbia, South
America. See his photo demonstration under Xiyangzhang.
Qiang A spear
(Drawing Q-1). It is known as the king of all weapons
. The basic applications of qiang are lan , a parrying
movement to the outside; na , a controlling movement to the
inside; and zha , a spearing forward movement. Qiang
movements are often described as "qiang zha yitiaoxian
", meaning that the movements are even, straight, and
fast. It is said that a straight spearing movement is the
ultimate movement in spear maneuvers because it is the
hardest to defend when going straight for the center of an
opponent.
There are many
different types of qiang including: Daqiang , Biaoqiang ,
Huaqiang , Biqiang , Zhuaqiang , Shuangtouqiang (,
Drawing Q-2), Shuangtou Shuangqiang , Goulianqiang (,
Drawing Q-3), Qurenqiang , Huanziqiang , Guiziqiang ,
Huntieqiang , Longtouqiang , Longdaoqiaong (, Drawing
Q-4), Huyaqiang , Dangouqiang , Shuangouqiang ,
Liuyeqiang , and Jumaqiang .
The well-known
traditional spear routines include: Luojiaqiang ,
Yangjiaqiang , Yuejiaqiang , Liuheqiang , Zilongqiang
, Dalihuaqiang , and Emeiqiang . All these teachings
were the result of legendary qiang practitioners.
Figure
Q-1: Carrying the Spear/Pan Qingfu
Figure
Q-2: Spear vs Saber/Xie Qingcai and Tan
Shunlu
Figures
Q-3 and Q-4: Double Headed Spear/Candice Wong
Qigong 1. Any
set of breathing and energy circulation techniques that are
capable of improving health, preventing illness,
strengthening the body, and for spiritual development. 2. The
attainment of qi.
There are many
different types of Qigong. They include: Medical, Taoist,
Buddhist, and Wushu Qigong. Please refer to the book, Qigong
Empowerment for more information about the different
types of Qigong.
Figure
Q-5: Taiji Walking Qigong/Xu Junheng
Figure
Q-6: Five Animal Frolics/John Du Cane
Qingchengbuqimen This
style was created by Lin Xiao during the reign of the Qing
Emperor, Qianlong between 1736 and 1795. Lin was a royal
palace bodyguard. This style absorbed the essence of Shaolin,
Emei, and Wudang Wushu. It is popular in Sichuan, Shanxi,
Yunnan Province, etc. The known routines include: Yinyang
Lianhuanquan , Bagua Jiugongquan , Chaoyangquan ,
Huxiaoquan , Yingzhaoquan , Rouyinquan , Hudiezhang ,
Bianfushou , Yuanyantui , and Yinyang Taiji . This
style also has many weapon, Qinna, cavity press, fast take
down, hidden weapon, hard Qigong, Sanshou, and life
nourishing training.
Qingchengpai Translated
as Qingchen Mountain Styles. This is a term referring to the
styles originated from the Qingcheng Mountains . The known
barehanded routines include: Qingcheng Hongquan , Liuhe
Sanshou , Qingcheng Baguazhang , Gubajiquan , Xuanmen
Jiushi , and Erlu Hongquan . The known weapon routines
include: Qixingjian , Baxianjian , Qingchengjian ,
Zimugun , Daqinglongdao , and Qiankunquan . Training
methods include: Jianshen Yanshougong and Liuhe Neigong
.
Qinghai Province
A Chinese province which borders Gansu to its north, and
Sichuan and Tibet to its south. It covers over 721 thousand
square kilometers with a population of over 5 million people
as of 1999.
Qinglongquan Translated
as Green Dragon Fist. This style focuses on the application
of the palms and fingers. These movements are described to
look like a swimming dragon. Thereby, the name Qinglongquan
was coined. There are three known barehanded routines and
several weapon routines.
Quan Refers
to any ring shaped weapon. Many of these weapons consist of
sharp edges and sharp protrusions, such as, the Qiankunquan
and the Fenghuolun (, Drawing Q-5). They are usually
handheld weapons, but can also be used as throwing weapons.
Figure
Q-7: Double Quan/He Weiqi
Figure
Q-8: Wind and Fire Wheels/Steve Sun
R
Ren, Guang Yi He
is the president of the International Chen Style Taijiquan
Association. He represented Chen Village in the International
Taiji Push Hands Competition and attained the gold medal in
the heavyweight division. He is a disciple of Cheng Xiao-Wang
. More about him and his school can be found at www.chentaijiquan.com.
See his photo demonstration under Taijiquan.
Renjiajiao Translated
as Ren Family Teaching. It is also known as Renmenquan .
This style was passed down by Ren Sizhen , a Qing Dynasty
officer of the Sichuan area. Ren utilized his understanding
of Sunzis Art of War and the Yijing , and
combined it with several martial styles, to create this
style. The known routines include: Jinjiduli and
Qiufengsaoluoye Saber routine.
Renmenquan see
Renjiajiao
Rope Dart see
Shengbiao
Ricci, Bedry
He is an exceptional practitioner of Ninjutsu, Karate, Qinna,
and Sanshou. See his photo demonstration under Wushu
Sanshou Dao.
Rice, Pat She
is the Director of A Taste of China. She has organized
over 18 national Taijiquan and other internal arts
competitions. She is one of the most significant figures in
the promotion of Taijiquan in the United States. She
currently teaches in Virginia, U.S.A. See her photo
demonstration under Taijiquan.
Ritchie, David He
began his martial arts training in 1969 and he has been
practicing Taijiquan since 1973. He has studied from
prominent practitioners from both Asia and the U.S. He is the
owner and director of Central Connecticut Tai Chi Chuan in
Meriden, Connecticut where he teaches Taijiquan, weapons, and
Qigong. He is also an Assistant Professor at Quinnipiac
University in Hamden, Connecticut. See his photo
demonstration under Taijiquan.
Ross, Robert
He began his martial arts training with Kempo in 1980 and has
been studying Wushu and Qigong since 1992 from Wu Wen-Ching.
He is an instructor at the Way of the Dragon School and also
teaches Taijiquan and Qigong in the New England area. He is a
black belt in Wushu Sanshou Dao. See his photo
demonstrations under Taijiquan and Baguazhang.
S
Saber Usually
refers to a short handled dao. Also see Dao.
Sai see Cha
Sanhuang Paochui
see Paochui
Sanjiegun see
Gun
Sengmen Translated
as Monastery Style. This is one of the most well-known Emei
Styles. Emei region of China is a Buddhist utopia filled with
temples. Thereby, the name Sengmen was coined. Legend has it,
that this style was based on Shaolin Wushu. After the Shaolin
Wushu migrated to the Emei Mountains, it gradually developed
into what is known as Sengmen. This style focuses on Qinna
and short range applications. There are over forty known
barehanded routines and over twenty weapon routines and many
training methods.
Sengmen training
routines include: Huolongquan , Lianbuquan ,
Dalianhuanquan , Hubaoquan , and Liutongquan .
Shan A fan.
Weapon grade fans (Drawing S-1) are commonly made with metal
spokes. Fans are used singularly or as a pair. Well-known fan
routines include: Xiaoyaoshan , Taijishan ,
Baiyishushenshan , Luohandapushan , and Mulanshan .
Figure
S-1: Taiji Double Fan/Helen Wu
Figure
S-2: Xiaoyaoshan /Helen Liang
Shandong Province
A Chinese province located around the lower part of the
Yellow River. The eastern part of Shandong is a peninsula
extending into the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. It covers
153 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 88
million people as of 1999.
Shandongjiao Translated
as Shandong Teaching. Legend has it, that it was created by
General Qin Shubao in the beginning of the Tang Dynasty
(618-907). Qin was a hero to the Tang empire who helped the
Tang emperor defeat the Sui Dynasty. There are five known
routines in this style.
Figure
S-3: Shandongjiao Saber/Jiang Jianye
Shanghai City
One of Chinas four municipalities that is under the
direct jurisdiction of the central government. It is a port
city located at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the eastern
part of China. It covers over 6 thousand square kilometer
with a population of over 14 million people as of 1999.
Shaanxi Province A
Chinese province located in the middle of continental China.
It is intentionally romanized with a double "a" to
distinguish it from Shanxi Province. It is located above
the midpoint of the Yellow River, with the river at most of
its eastern and southern provincial border. It borders Hebei
to its east. It covers over 205 thousand square kilometers
with a population of over 35 million people as of 1999.
Shanxi Province
A Chinese province located at the midpoint and north of the
Yellow River. It borders Shandong to its east and Shaanxi to
its west. It covers over 156 thousand square kilometers with
a population of over 31 million people as of 1999.
Shaolin Huimen
This style was created by the Henan Shaolin priest, Huang
Fazhuang . There are four barehanded routines, one crutch
routine, and eight application training methods.
Shaolin Temple A
Buddhist temple located in Henan Province. It is also
referred to as the Songshan Shaolin Temple. Songshan is
the specific location where the temple was actually built. It
was built in the year 495 A.D. during the height of Buddhism.
A Buddhist priest, Batuo, came to preach Buddhism in China.
He was warmly received by the emperor of China. The emperor
built the Shaolin Temple as a place for Batuo to teach
Buddhism. In the year 527, another Buddhist priest came to
China. His name was Damo. Legend has it, that Damo meditated
in a cave for nine years and popularized Buddhism in China.
The Shaolin Temple is not only known for its Buddhist
teachings, but it is also known for its Kung Fu.
During the course of
history, Shaolin martial monks assisted the leaders of the
empire in solidifying their control of the empire. This was
especially significant during the Tang Dynasty, when thirteen
martial monks assisted the Tangtaizong Emperor, Li Shimin
, in solidifying his control of the empire by defeating the
tyrannical Wang Sichong of the Sui Dynasty. From then on,
the Shaolin martial ability was known throughout the empire.
As time went on, Shaolin monks continued to refine their
martial skills, while absorbing skills from Wushu
practitioners that sought refuge at the temple.
There are many other
Shaolin Temples in China. They include the Fujian Shaolin
Temple, Shanxi Shaolin Temple, Hebei Shaolin Temple, Luoyang
Shaolin Temple, and Changan Shaolin Temple. The Henan
Shaolin Temple is the original Shaolin Temple and is also
referred to as the Northern Shaolin Temple. The Fujian
Shaolin Temple is also known as the Southern Shaolin Temple.
Shaolin Wuquan
Legend has it, that this style was created by the prominent
Yuan Dynasty (1260-1368) Shaolin Wushu practitioner, Bai
Yufeng . He imitated the movements of the dragon, tiger,
leopard, snake, and crane; and created this style. He
believed in training the five components of the body: the
essence, strength, energy, bones, and spirit, to attain a
high level. Therefore, the characteristics of this style are
to use the dragon routine to train the spirit; the tiger
routine to train the bones; the leopard routine to train for
strength; the snake routine to train the energy; and the
crane routine to train the essence.
Figure
S-4: Shaolin Dragon Fist/Shawn Liu
Shaolin Wushu
A term referring to all the styles of Wushu that can trace
their origin back to the Song Mountain Shaolin Temple. It is
one of the oldest and most well-known Chinese martial arts
systems. It is also one of the most influential Chinese
martial arts that has had the greatest impact in the world
today.
For lack of a better
choice and to honor Bodhidharma, the father of Chinese Chan,
later generations gave Bodhidharma credit for the martial
arts originating from the Shaolin Temple. Today, it is
generally believed that Shaolin martial arts were the result
of the many martial artists who sought spiritual sanctuary
and martial skills, throughout the history of the Shaolin
Temple, and who in turn shared their martial arts with the
monks. Over the centuries Shaolin martial arts and other
styles have mutually influenced and benefited each other.
Shaolin Wushu is
further divided into Northern Shaolin and Southern Shaolin
styles. Northern Shaolin refers to the styles that can trace
their origins to the Song Mountain Shaolin Temple in the
Henan Province. Southern Shaolin refers to the styles that
can trace their origins to the Jiulian Mountain in the
Fujian Province. Both Northern and Southern Shaolin Wushu
styles have spread all over the world today.
Figure
S-5: Southern Shaolin Wushu/Hu Jianqiang
Figure
S-6: Dahongquan /Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
S-7: Gunshu/Barry Farrands
Figure
S-8: Quanshu/Sam Carroll
Shaolin Xingyi
Liuhe Translated as Shape-Intent Six Harmony of Shaolin.
This is a derivative of Shaolin Wushu. It is practiced in
Hunan, Jiangxi, and Sichuan Provinces. This style was based
on the jumping, flying, nesting, and hunting characteristics
of animals. It focuses on the unity of the internal jing ,
qi , and shen ; as well as, the unity of the external
hands, eyes, and body movements. There are two known
barehanded routines, one Lianhuanziwu Panlonggun weapon
routine, and three training methods.
Shape and Intent
Fist see Xingyiquan
Shenda Translated
as Spiritual Strike. There are many Shenda branches
including: Maoshan , Fo , Dao , and Qirijiao . Shenda
was popular for several decades in China after the failed
revolt by the Yihetuan during the Boxers Rebellion
in China. Shenda relies heavily on chanting to increase the
ability and strength of its practitioners.
In the year 1900,
Yihetuan was the Chinese organization that led an
unsuccessful uprising against foreign powers and foreigners
in China. As a result, China was forced to make economic and
territorial concessions.
Shengbiao Translated
as Rope Dart. It is classified as both a flexible weapon and
as a concealed weapon. It usually consists of a roped section
with a sharp dart tied to one end (Drawing S-2). It is used
to wrap around an opponent to immobilize them or to strike an
opponent from a distance.
Figure
S-9: Rope Dart/Narcyz Latecki
Shenmenquan An
Emei Style. It is also known as Jinjiaquan or Jin Family
Teaching. There are over ten known barehanded and weapon
routines, including Daluandao .
Shequan Translated
as Snake Fist. Shequan routines are based on the movements of
a snake. It is part of some Shaolin and Emei styles.
Figure
S-10: Green Dragon Leaves Its Hole
Posture/Maria Liang
Figure
S-11: White Snake Spits Its Tongue
Posture/Helen Liang
Figure
S-12: Shandong Shequan/Jiang Jianye
Short Staff see
Gun
Shuo There
are many different variations of shuo. Generally, it consists
of a pole and attached at one end of the pole is a heavy
object with multiple spikes or sharp blades. The most
well-known weapon of this type is the Lanyabang (, Drawing
S-3), or the Wolf Tooth Pole.
Sichuan Huimen
This style utilizes the Five Elements to name its routines.
The keys to this style are: tun , tu , feng , hua ,
and tie . There are ten barehanded routines and six
application training methods.
Sichuan Lijiaquan
Translated as Li Family Style of Sichuan. This style
originated from the Gaozui Mountain area of Sichuan
Province. Their routines are usually short with low stances.
There are six known barehanded routines, three weapon
routines, and two training methods. Since the Qianlong era
of the Qing Dynasty, there have been over eight generations
of practitioners.
Sichuan Province
A Chinese province located upstream of the Yangtze River
which borders Tibet to its west and Hubei to its east. It
covers over 560 thousand square kilometers with a population
of over 84 million people as of 1999.
Sichuan Ziranmen
Translated as Natural Style of Sichuan. Legend has it, that
in the Sichuan Nanchong area there were two families, the
Tang and the Liu families, who were in constant conflict for
land. Sichuan Ziranmen was the result of the Tang
familys struggle with the Liu family. There are two
known routines in this style.
Sigman, Mike He
is a prominent Internal Style instructor in the U.S. He has
over thirty-six years of experience in several styles of
martial arts, including Judo, Okinawan Karate, Aikido,
Taijiquan, Xingyiquan, and Baguazhang. He has written many
magazine articles and has officiated at many national and
international competitions. He is well-known in North America
and Europe for his Internal Strength workshops. See his
photo demonstrations under Dao and Wushu Sanshou
Dao.
Simpson, Jacob He
completed his Level One Taijiquan Instructor training at
S.Y.L. Wushu Institute. See his photo demonstration
under Wushu Sanshou Dao.
Sinclair, Ian
A many time Taijiquan and Push Hands gold medalist in West
Coast U.S. and Canadian Wushu competitions. He completed his
Level Two Taijiquan Instructor training at S.Y.L. Wushu
Institute. He currently teaches in Canada. See his
photo demonstrations under Taijiquan and Wuji
Xiaoyaopai.
Sit, Chun Man
(1950-) He has been practicing Wushu for over 30 years. He is
a prominent practitioner of Wu Style Taijiquan and Taixuquan.
He has written numerous articles on applications, power
development, and Taiji Sword. See his photo
demonstration under Taixuquan.
Six Unities and
Eight Principles see Liuhebafa
Songxi Neijiaquan
see Neijiaquan
Southern Shaolin
Temple see Shaolin Temple
Southern Style
see Nanquan
Spear see Qiang
Spence, Peter He
is a First Degree Black Belt in Wado Karate and a Wushu
practitioner. See his photo demonstration under Wushu
Sanshou Dao.
Staff see Gun
Sue, Rick H.Y.
He is the Vice President of the United Wushu Federation and a
District Chairman of the United Wushu Association of Ontario.
He was a gold medalist at the 1990 Canadian Kung Fu
Championships, 1991 World Martial Arts Championships, and
1992 Canadian Kung Fu Championships. See his photo
demonstration under Nanquan.
Sujiajiao Translated
as Su Family Teaching. This style was created by Su Caifeng
during the Ming Dynasty. There are over thirty-one known
barehanded routines, fourteen weapon routines, and thirteen
training methods.
Sun, Jie A
former member of the Beijing University Wushu Sanshou team.
He is a student of Shou-Yu Liang. He is a practitioner of
Wuji Xiaoyaopai, Liuhebafa, Dapeng Qigong, and several other
Internal and External Styles of Wushu. He was also a Chinese
consul stationed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. See
his photo demonstration under Wuji Xiaoyaopai.
Sun, Steve L.
He is a 31st generation disciple of the Henan Shaolin Temple.
He began his Wushu training under the guidance of his father
and many other teachers at age ten. He is a graduate of the
University of Pennsylvania with a Ph.D. in Civil and
Environmental Engineering. He the author of the Tai Chi
Wind and Fire Wheels, and Advanced Tai Chi Chuan Wind
and Fire Wheels. In 1999, he was inducted into the
U.S.A.W.K.F. Hall of Fame. In September 1999, he received the
"World Outstanding Achievement in Martial Arts Golden
Award" from the International Martial Arts Kung-Fu
Federation, U.S.A. In 2000, he received the Life Time
Achievement Award from the U.S.A.W.K.F.. He currently teaches
in Pennsylvania, USA. See his photo demonstration
under Quan.
Sunbinquan Legend
has it, that this style was created by Sun Bin during the
Spring-Autumn and Warring Kingdoms era. Sun Bin was the
descendent of Sun Wu , the greatest military strategist in
ancient China. Sun Wu, also known as Sunzi , wrote the Sunzis
Art of War or Sunzi Binfa . Sunzi Binfa
consists of thirteen chapters. It is considered one of the
greatest military strategy books in the world.
After studying his
family Wushu, Sun Wu studied under the hermit, Guiguzi to
further his Wushu and military understanding. Historical
records indicate that Sun Bin wrote over 39 chapters on the
art of war. Sunbinquan became popular towards the end of the
Qing Dynasty. Whether or not, it was actually created by Sun
Bin is unknown. However, the style did contain a lot of Sun
Bins military thinking.
In the past,
practitioners of Sunbinquan wore long sleeves that extended
towards their fingers when they trained. Therefore, it was
also known as Changxiuquan , meaning long sleeved style.
There are over fourteen known routines in this style.
Figure
S-13: Sunbingquan/Meng Xiantang
Sunmenquan Translated
as Sun Family Fist. Legend has it, that this style was based
on the Southern Shaolin of Fujian Province. It was created by
Sun Chunan of Sichuan Province. Sun absorbed the essence
of several styles plus his personal experience and
characteristics, to create this style. This style includes
mostly arm strikes and very little kicks, relying on short
range applications in combat. There are over twenty known
barehanded and weapon routines. It is classified as an Emei
Style.
Sunzi Bingfa
A military strategy book written by Sunzi during the
Spring-Autumn (722-481 B.C.). It is considered one of the
greatest strategy books ever written.
Sunzis
Art of War see Sunzi Bingfa
Sword see Jian
T
Tae Kwon Do A
Korean system of martial arts that combined the Tang
Dynastys Shaolin Wushu with native Korean martial arts.
It was officially named Tae Kwon Do between 1955-1957. Tae
Kwon Do became an Olympic Exhibition event in 1988 and
officially became an Olympic medal event in the 2000
Olympics.
Tai Chi Chuan
see Taijiquan
Taijiquan An
Internal Style Wushu, also romanized as Tai Chi Chuan, and
translated as the Grand Ultimate Fist. This is one of the
most influential Wushu styles in the world today. There are
participants of Taijiquan in over 100 nations throughout the
world today. The five major traditional Taijiquan styles
include: Chen Style , Yang Style , Wu Style , Wu
Style also known as Hao Style , and Sun Style .
Legend has it, that
a Daoist priest, Zhang Sanfeng of the Northern Song
Dynasty (960-1126 A.D.) created Taijiquan after observing a
fight between a crane and a snake. The theoretical foundation
of Taijiquan is based on the ancient Yin-Yang philosophy.
Martial arts
historians today believe that the movements in Taijiquan
originated from Chen Wangting (?-1719). Many people now
believe that Chen Wangting combined the Martial Classics
in Thirty-Two Postures with the Taoist Yellow Court
Classic to become what is known as Taijiquan today.
In Taijiquan
practice, physical symmetry and balance are accomplished with
condensing and extending movements. These movements are
enhanced with the regulation of your mind and deep relaxed
breathing to attain internal energetic symmetry. It has been
proven, by the test of time, to be an effective life
prolonging, nourishing, healing, and rejuvenating exercise.
The practice of Taijiquan also increases mental awareness and
centering, develops coordination, and builds good habits for
proper body alignment. The benefits from Taijiquan practice
have been realized by millions of people all over the world.
Today, Taijiquan is still trained as a martial art by
countless practitioners, but it is also a well-known healing
art practiced all over the world.
In addition to the
above five styles there are also many other Taijiquan
routines known today. They include: Sanfeng Taiji, Wudang
Taiji, Songxi Taiji, Yang Style Small Frame Taiji,
Wu Style Fast Routine, Taiji Cotton Fist ,
Simplified Taijiquan , Simplified Wu Taijiquan,
Simplified Sun Taijiquan, Simplified Chen Taijiquan, 48
Posture Taijiquan, 88 Posture Taijiquan, 42 Posture
International Competition Routine , Zhengzi Taiji , and
Daoist Taiji in Canada, and many others.
Figure
T-1: Yang Style Single Whip/Yang Zhenduo
Figure
T-2: Chen Style Taijiquan/Chen Xiaowang
(photo supplied by Justin Meehan)
Figure
T-3: Yang Style Taijiquan/Fu Zhongwen
Figure
T-4: Chen Style Taijiquan/Zhu Tian Cai
Figure
T-5: Chen Style Taiji/Zhang Xuexin (photo
supplied by Justin Meehan)
Figure
T-6: Wu Style Taijiquan/Eddie Wu
Figures
T-7 and T-9: Chen Style Taijiquan Small
Frame/Chang Chung-Jen
Figure
T-8: Yang Style Taijiquan/Pat Rice
Figure
T-10: Yang Style Taijiquan/Yang Chengfu
Figures
T-11, T-12, and T-13: Yang Style
Taijiquan/Yang Zhenduo
Figure
T-14: Wu Style Taijiquan/Luo
Hongyuen
Figure
T-15: Taiji Single Fan/Helen Wu
Figure
T-16: Wu Style Taiji Sword/Yu Wen Mei
Figure
T-17: Yang Style Taijiquan Fast
RoutinePlaying the Lute/Huang Wei-Lun
Figure
T-18: Sun Style Taijiquan/Cheng Aiping
Figure
T-19: Yang Style Taijiquan/Herb Goldberg
Figure
T-20: Zhengzi Taijiquan/David Ritchie
Figure
T-21: Taiji Spear/Daniel Y. Wang
Figure
T-22: Wu Style Taijiquan/Yumi Nojiri
Figure
T-23: Chen Style Taijiquan/Cheng Aiping
Figure
T-24: Yang Style Small Frame/Daniel Y. Wang
Figure
T-25: Yang Style Taijiquan and Sword/Yang
Zhenduo and Yang Jun
Figure
T-26: Taiji Double Fan/Helen Wu
Figure
T-27: Wu Style Taijiquan/Yu Wen Mei
Figure
T-28: Wu Style Competition Taijiquan/Kelly
Maclean
Figure
T-29: Chen Style Kick/Yang Yang (photo by
David Riecks, www.riecks.com)
Figure
T-30: Taiji Saber/Gu Daijuan
Figure
T-31: Chen Style Taiji Saber/Ren Guang Yi
Figure
T-32: Yang Style Taijiquan/Peng Youlian
Figure
T-33: 42 Posture Taijiquan/Hong Yijiao
Figure
T-34: 48 Posture Taijiquan/Kelly Maclean
Figure T-35: Yang
Style Push Hands/Liang Shou-Yu & Wen-Ching Wu
Figure T-36: Chen
Style Taijiquan Push Hands/Zhu Tian Cai & Ren Guang
Yi
Figure T-37: Chen
Style Taiji Push Hands/Zhang Xuexin & Justin Meehan
(photo supplied by Justin Meehan)
Figure T-38: Taiji
Push Hands/ Liang Shou-Yu (R) & Li Enjiu (L)
Figure T-39: Wu
Style Peng Lu Ji An Push Hands/Ian Sinclair and Calvin
Keele.
Figure T-40: Taiji
Push Hands and rooting training/Liang Shou-Yu and Wu
Wen-Ching
Figure T-41: Taiji
Sanshou/Frank Whitsitt-Lynch (R) and Robert Ross (L)
Figure T-42:
Official Push Hands Competition/Ian Sinclair, referee
Figure T-43: Taiji
Flexibility Push Hands/Sam Masich and Chang Chung-Jen
Figure T-44: Taiji
Push Hands/Paul Ng and student
Figures T-45, T-46,
and T-47: Yang Style TaijiquanSnake Creeps Down
Posture/Huang Wei-Lun
Figure
T-48: Taiji Push Hands/Fu Zhongwen & He
Weiqi
Figure
T-49: Taiji Practice/He Fusheng & He
Weiqi
Figure
T-50: Taiji Pengjin Demonstration/Liang
Shou-Yu & students
Figure
T-51: Taiji Push Hands Individual Drill/Sam
Masich
Figure
T-52: Group Chen Style Taijiquan/S.Y.L. Wushu
Institute Students: Simon, Chris, Charles,
Itamar, Hal, Michael, Bob, Jimmy, Rein,
Vasara, Paula, Virginia, James, Jason,
Michael, Nelson, Jacob, Ken, Gordon,
Brigitte, Mary Lynn, Kelly, Joan, and David
Figure
T-53: Group Push Hands/S.Y.L. Wushu Institute
Students
Taiwan Province
A Chinese island province located about 100 kilometers off
the coast of Fujian Province. It covers over 36 thousand
square kilometers with a population of over 22 million people
as of 1999.
Taixuquan Translated
as the Ultimate Void Fist. It was created by Wu Rongyu
during the Qing Dynasty and was based on the Taixu , Taiji
, Sancai , Sixiang , Wu-yun , Liuqi , Bagua , and
Tuwen-luoshu philosophies.
*Wu Rongyu was a
merchant from Guandong during the 1800s. He traveled to
Bejing to sell herbs. During a chance meeting, he sold his
herbal formula to the then royal uncle of the emperor. This
chance meeting also landed him royal treatment at the
residence of the royal uncle. As a token of appreciation, the
royal uncles teacher taught Wu Rongyu his family style.
Taixuquan continued for four generations in the Wu family. In
the 1930s, the fourth generation descendent, Wu Xuepo
, broke the tradition and taught outside of his family when
his own son didnt want to learn Taixuquan.
*Information
supplied by Sit Chun Man.
Figure
T-54: Taixuquan/Sit Chun Man
Taizuquan Translated
as Grand Ancestor Fist. Legend has it, that this style was
created by Emperor Zhao Kuangyin of the Northern Song
Dynasty who reigned between 960 and 975. Taizuquan was
recorded in the book, Jixiaoxinshu by Qi Jiguang
in the Ming Dynasty. Taizuquan focuses on the five key words:
gang , meng , jin , wen , and xiao .
Figures
T-55 and T-56: Taizuquan/Zhang Zhi Bin
Figure
T-57: Taizuquan/Benson Xiao
Tang, Alan A
member of the Canadian Wushu team. He has been an all-around
champion in the compulsory categories during Canadian
national Wushu competitions many times. He was the all-around
champion three times at the Pan American Wushu championships.
He has many times been the bronze medalist and in the top six
places at World Wushu Championships. In 2001, he was selected
as a member of the Canadian National Wushu team to compete in
the Sixth World Wushu Championships to be held in Armenia. See
his photo demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.
Tang, Sunny
The First Vice President of the Confederation of Canadian
Wushu Organizations; Vice President of the Pan American Wushu
Federation (P.A.W.F.); Director and Organizer of the East
Coast Canadian National and Pan American Wushu championships.
He currently teaches in Toronto, Canada. See his photo
demonstrations under Yongchunquan and Dao.
Tanglangquan Translated
as Praying Mantis Style. This is an imitation style mimicking
the movements of a mantis. Legend has it, that Wang Lang
created this style in the later part of the Ming Dynasty into
the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. In the legend, after Wang
Lang completed his training in the Shaolin Temple, he went to
travel around the country. One day as he was wandering in the
country, he met a martial artist named Dan Tong who had
long arms. They sparred for three days and three nights. Wang
Lang was unable to touch Dan Tong. As Wang Lang was resting
under a tree and contemplating a strategy to win the match,
he observed a preying mantis on the grass.
Wang Lang poked the
mantis with a long stem of grass. The mantis was able to
evade the stem by turning its head and deflecting the stem
with its leg. Even though the stem was long, the mantis was
able to skillfully neutralize the attack. From his
observation, Wang Lang figured out a way to use his shorter
range application against the longer range of Dan Tong, and
successfully defeated Dan Tong.
Wang Lang took the
mantis back to the Shaolin Temple and tested it with the
grass stem to observe and imitate its movements. After a few
months, he understood and learned the many characteristics of
the mantis. On another day as he was practicing the mantis
movements, an ape took the clothes that he left on a branch.
He chased the ape. Every time he got close to the ape, the
ape was able to maneuver out of his grab. As he came close to
grabbing the ape, again the ape, was able to get away. After
several hours, the ape gave up and put his clothes down and
went away. Wang Lang was dumfounded. He thought that he was
fast and good in martial arts, yet he was unable to catch the
ape. He observed the angles of the tracks made by the apes,
he practiced them daily, and attained the agility of the
apes maneuvers. He then combined the mantis movements
with the apes stepping pattern, and created the
Tanglangquan.
During the course of
its development, practitioners of Tanglangquan continued to
absorb the essence of other styles and created many
variations of Tanglangquan. Today, there are several
different styles of Tanglangquan including: Mimen
Tanglangquan, Babu Tanglangquan, Meihua Tanglangquan,
Shuaishou Tanglangquan, Liuhe Tanglangquan, Guangban
Tanglangquan, Yuhuan Tanglangquan, Yin Tanglangquan,
Qixing Tanglangquan, and Nan Tanglangquan.
Figures
T-58 and T-59: Mantis Catches the Cicada/Wu
Wen-Ching and Sanford Lee
Figure
T-60: Tanglang Moon Tooth Saber/Tony Chen
Figure
T-61: Meihua Tanglangquan/Solen Wong
Figure
T-62: Preying Mantis Application/Jon Funk and
partner
Figure
T-63: Tanglangjian/Hassan Bishil
Figure
T-64: Tanglangquan/Yang Chen-Han
Tangpingquan This
style is also known as Tangpingqishi . It originated from
within the Hui ethnic Chinese and is popular in Shanxi and
Henan Provinces. Archeological findings indicate that it has
existed since the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Traditionally, this
style was only taught to male children, not female.
Tantuimen Translated
as Springy Leg Style. One legend believes that Tantuimen
originated from the Longtan Temple in Shandong Province.
This style utilizes powerful, spring like kicks, thereby, the
style was known as Tantui. Tan from Longtan and tui for its
kicks. Another legend believes that it originated from the
Tan Family Village in Henan Province.
Tantuimen is popular
among the Hui ethnic Chinese. Tantui training has also been
adopted into the foundation training in many other Changquan
styles. It is believed that originally there were only ten
Tantui routines. Later, two more were added to the original
ten and became twelve routines. Tantuimen also has a weapon
routine known as Liuhe Single Saber .
Figure
T-65: Silu Tantui/Wang Jurong
Figure
T-66: Tantui/Grace Wu
Figure
T-67: Jiulu Tantui/Wu Wen-Ching
Thomas, Vingrove
The founder and chief instructor of the Six Harmony Martial
Arts Academy. He has studied several Chinese martial arts
styles including: Tiger Claw, Yongchunquan, Chen Style
Taijiquan, and Xinyi Liuhequan, since the early 1970s.
He serves regularly as a judge at annual U.S. national
Chinese martial arts competitions. Since 1993, he has been
invited to conduct biennial instructional tours in Italy and
Switzerland. In 1997, he was celebrated as a cross-cultural
role model in the New Yorker series produced by the N.H.K.
for Japanese television. In 1998, he received a lifetime
achievement award from the U.S.A. Wushu-Kung Fu Federation. See
his photo demonstration under Yongchunquan.
Tianjin City
One of Chinas four municipalities that is under the
direct jurisdiction of the central government. It is a port
city located in the northeastern part of China and is about
120 kilometers northwest of Beijing. It covers over 11
thousand square kilometers with a population of over 9
million people as of 1999.
Tibet see Xizang
Zizhiqu.
Timons, Joel
A many time gold medalist and grandchampion in U.S. national
and international Wushu competitions. He is a student of Nick
Gracenin. He is also a black belt in Sanshou Dao. He
currently teaches in Florida, U.S.A. See his photo
demonstrations under Ditangquan and Chain.
Tjhie, Wie Hong
In 1992, he was the North American all-around Wushu champion
in the youth division. He began his Wushu training at a young
age from Liang Shou-Yu, and is now an instructor at the
S.Y.L. Wushu Institute. In 1993, he was a member of the
Canadian Wushu team that competed in the World Wushu
Championships. In 1995, he entered Beijing Physical Education
University. He is a certified practitioner of Traditional
Chinese Medicine by the Xiamen University in China; and is a
member of the Board of Directors of Wushu B.C. See his
photo demonstration under Piguaquan.
Tjhie, Wie Tjong He
began his Wushu training with Liang Shou-Yu in 1982. He is an
instructor at the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute, and a black belt in
Wushu Sanshou Dao. In 2001, he was the gold medalist in the
60 to 65 Kg Canadian National Sanshou competition. He was
selected to represent Canada at the 6th World Wushu
Championships. See his photo demonstrations under Changquan
and Wushu Sanshou Dao.
Tongbei
Piquanquan see Piquaquan
Tongbiquan Translated
as Connected Arm Fist. Legend has it, that this style was
created by the Taoist Baiyuan Daoren in Sichuan Emei
Mountain during the Spring-Autumn and Warring Kingdom era
(770-221 B.C.). Its movements resemble the swinging arms of
the ape. Tongbei literally means connected arms,
implying that the arms are very integrated in its movements.
Today, there are
several different types of Tongbeiquan. They include: Baiyuan
Tongbeiquan, Pigua Tongbeiquan, Shaolin Tongbeiquan,
Wuxing Tongbeiquan, Tanglang Tongbeiquan, Liuhe
Tongbeiquan, Guanzhong Tongbeiquan, Liangyi
Tongbeiquan, and Liangyi Tongbeiquan.
Tongbeiquan mimics
the fighting characteristics of the ape. It utilizes long
range strikes; generates power with the assistance of
rounding the back and arcing the chest; and uses the swinging
and shaking of the arms and hands in its applications. Both
arms alternate in splitting movements.
Figure
T-68: White Ape TongbiquanWhite Ape
Offers the Fruit Posture/He Tao
Figure
T-69: Emei Pigua Tongbiquan/Hui Mo
Tujiazu Wushu
This is a term referring to the Wushu developed by the
Tujiazu ethnic people living in the mountain range between
Hunan, Hubei, and Sichuan Province. Ancient Tujiazu people
had been known to be stubborn and brave. Chinese history
indicates that the Tujiazu had revolts against the Tang,
Song, and Yuan Dynasties. The emperors of the time had to
make truces with them. Tujiazu Wushu is known for its close
range combat abilities and its ability to engage in combat in
narrow paths, and cliffs.
U, V,
W
Uva, Thomas He
began his martial arts training in 1973 and has continued his
Wushu training with Wu Wen-Ching since 1996. He is a Way of
the Dragon School assistant instructor; and is a chemical
Engineer and a Pretreatment Manager at the Narragansett Bay
Commission. See his photo demonstrations under Baguazhang,
Wushu Bingqi, and Wushu Sanshou Dao.
Wang, Daniel Y.
A prominent practitioner of Wushu with over 40 years of
experience. He is a prominent practitioner of all major
styles of Taijiquan, Taiji weapons, Taiji Sanshou, and Taiji
Neigong. He was a member, then a team leader of a prestigious
martial arts team in Beijing, where he won many gold medals
in martial arts competitions, and coached many champion
athletes. He is a judge for international competitions. He
has been featured multiple times on Fox Television, in the
Los Angeles Times, and in several magazines including People,
Tai Chi, Inside Kung Fu, and Black Belt. He currently teaches
in Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. See his photo
demonstration under Taijiquan.
Wang, Jurong A
Wushu Professor Emeritus of the Shanghai Physical Education
University. She is the first female Wushu professor in
Chinese history. She began her Wushu and traumatology medical
training at age five from her father, Wang Ziping. At age 18,
she competed in a national competition and attained the level
of champion. In 1959, she was instrumental in the first
compilation of the Bare-handed Compulsory Routine and Sword
Compulsory Routine. She was personally responsible for
the compilation of the Narrow Blade Sword and the Double
Sword, all of which were part of the required Wushu
curriculum. In 1960, Shanghai Physical Education University
officially began the first Department of Wushu ever in China
and she was appointed head of this department. More about her
can be found under Wangshi Wushu. See her photo
demonstrations under Chaquan, Tantuimen, and Wangshi
Wushu.
Wang, Shutian
(1918-) A Professor of Wushu at the Chengdu Physical
Education University . He is a committee member of the
Chinese Wushu Association, Chairman of the Sichuan Wushu
Association, and head coach of the Sichuan Provincial Wushu
School. He is a graduate of the prestigious Central Guoshu
Institute . He has written eight authoritative books about
Wushu. He is an advisor of the International Wushu Sanshou
Dao Association. See his photo demonstrations under Xingyiquan
and Baguazhang.
Wang Xuezhi
(1945-) A Professor of Traditional Chinese Medicine at
Beijing University. He was born into a family with a long
history of medical, martial arts, and fine arts practices. He
began his training when he was six years old and studied
under many prominent instructors in Shaolin and Wudang
styles, medicine, herbs, painting, and calligraphy. He is the
author of The Encyclopedia of Chinese Herbs. He is the
Chairman of the 5th Generation Wudangmen. He specializes in
Li Style Taijiquan, Baguazhang, Xingyiquan, Qigong, and qi
healing. He currently lives in Seattle, Washington, where he
has started the Qi Gong Longevity Association to teach people
how to live a long, healthy life. See his photo
demonstration under Wudangmen.
Wang, Yu Wa Also
known as, Yuwa Hedrick-Wang. He is one of the founders of the
International Wushu Sanshou Dao Association (I.W.S.D). He is
a black belt instructor in Karate, Jujutsu, Tae Kwon Do, and
Kick Boxing. He is also well-versed in Wushu, Taijiquan, hard
and soft Qigong, boxing, and Thai Boxing. He has trained many
outstanding black belt students. He was one of the first to
be invited to China to promote Karate. He has given workshops
in the U.S., France, Italy, Western Europe, the Philippines,
and Southeast Asia. He is also a well-known economic advisor
to many nations around the world. See his photo
demonstrations under Karate-do and Wushu Sanshou
Dao.
Wang, Ziping
(1881-1973) He was known for his patriotism, great strength,
martial skills, and as a doctor of traumatology. He started
his Wushu training at age 6, and became a prominent
practitioner in both Internal and Exeternal Styles of Wushu.
He was an expert in Qinna, Shuaijiao, free fighting, hard
Qigong, soft Qigong, and light body skill. He defeated
numerous foreign challengers that claimed to be undefeated in
the world. He was also a prominent practitioner in
traumatology. He combined his adept knowledge of Qinna with
his bone setting skills and originated a well-known system of
treatment for sports and Wushu related injuries in Northern
China. He was the head of the Shaolin Division at the Central
Guoshu Institute . He was the chairman of the Chinese Wushu
Association. In 1960, at age 80, he was the first head coach
to lead a Wushu team to perform outside of China. See his
photo demonstrations under Chan and Wangshi Wushu.
Wangshi Wushu
Founded by Wang Ziping and his daughter Wang Jurong. Both
Wang Ziping and Wang Jurong are prominent practitioners of
many Internal and External Styles of Wushu. In 1960, Wang
Ziping and Wang Jurong were appointed to lead the Wushu team,
along with Premier Zhou Enlais diplomatic delegation,
to visit Burma. Wang Ziping was the head coach. Wang, Jurong
was the womens coach. This was a historic event because
it was the first time, since New China, that a Wushu team
ever performed outside of China.
Wang Jurong came to
the United States in 1989, after retiring for a few years. At
the time, the United States and China had recently normalized
diplomatic relations. She was one of the first Wushu
professors to venture into the United States from mainland
China, to teach Wushu. Since her arrival in the United
States, she has actively engaged in the promotion and
organization of Wushu competitions. She has personally worked
in the Chief Arbitrator and Referee General positions at U.S.
National Competitions. Her many efforts made it possible for
the U.S. to host the succesful Third World Wushu
Championships.
Wang Jurong
fulfilled her life dream of promoting Wushu in China and
became a leading Wushu practitioner in China. Upon
retirement, she has continued her efforts in the United
States, using Wushu to strengthen the bridge between the
Chinese people and Americans. She has done a tremendous job.
Her influence and contribution to the development of Wushu in
the United States is next to none. She is an advisor of the
International Wushu Sanshou Dao Association. She was awarded
the Lifetime Achievement Award by the U.S.A.W.K.F. in 1997,
and she was twice voted the Women of the Year by Inside Kung
Fu Magazine.
Wangshi Wushu
includes: traditional Taijiquan, Xingyiquan, Baguazhang,
Chaquan, Tantui, Paoquan, and many others. It also includes
the new routines created by Wang Ziping and Wang Jurong.
These new routines include: Green Dragon sword, Taiji Sword,
the Flying Rainbow Fan Series, and Wangshi Trau-matology.
Currently, the already compiled Wangshi Wushu books include: Qubingyannian
Ershishi ( ), Longfeng Double Swords , Quanshu
Ershifa , Wang Ziping and Wushu , Wushu and
Trauma , Training and Life Nourishing , and
the Flying Rainbow Fan Series .
Also see Wang
Ziping and Wang Jurong.
Figure
W-1: Incense Points to the Heavens /Wang
Ziping
Figure
W-2: Spear/Wang Jurong
Figure
W-3: Traumatology/Wang Ziping
Figure
W-4: Chaquan/Wang Jurong
Figure
W-5: Shuaijiao/Wu Chengde
Figure
W-6: Green Dragon Sword/Wang Ziping
Figure
W-7: Taiji Single Fan/Helen Wu
Figure
W-8: Kick to the Heaven/Simon Hu
Figure
W-9: Green Dragon Sword/Wang Jurong and
Andrew Wu
Figure
W-10: Sword/Greg Watson
Figure
W-11: Toubupingheng /Grace Wu
Figure
W-12: Flying Phoenix Double Sword /Helen Wu
Figure
W-13: Bajiquan/Wang Jurong (C), Denise
Breiter-Wu (L), Helen Wu (R)
Figure
W-14: Traditional Zhuanggong /Simon Hu
Figure
W-15: Saber/Wang Jurong
Figure
W-16: Wulu Chaquan /Grace Wu
Figure
W-17: Spear/Wang Ziping
Figure
W-18: Green Dragon Sword Sparring/Wang Jurong
And Helen Wu
Figure
W-19: Green Dragon Sword/Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
W-20: Jianshu/Wu Xiaoping
Figure
W-21: Taiji Lianhuan Double Sword /Helen Wu
Figure
W-22: Quanshuershifa /Grace Wu
Figure
W-23: Rainbow Fan Sparring/ Helen Wu and
Denise Breiter-Wu
Watson, Greg
He began studying Wushu in 1976. In 1981, he began his study
of Taijiquan. In 1989, he met Dr. Wu Chengde and Professor
Wang Jurong. A short time later, he became a formal student
of Professor Wang and Dr. Wu. Since 1990, he has studied
Beiquan (primarily from the Chaquan system) emphasizing long
weapons, Taijiquan, Jian, Fan, and Qigong. Currently, he
teaches Taijiquan and Wushu several days a week, as well as,
continues his training under Professor Wang and Dr. Wu in
group and private classes. He has been actively involved in
promoting Wushu in the U.S.A., and in developing judging
standards and methods for Wushu competitions. See his
photo demonstration under Wangshi Wushu.
Weapons see
Wushu Bingqi and specific Wushu weapon names.
Whiting, Fred
A member of the Canadian Wushu team in 1985 and 1986. He was
a student of Liang Shou-Yu from 1982-1990; and was an
instructor at the S.Y.L. Wushu Institute. In 1986, he
attained a silver medal in the Xingyiquan category at the
International Wushu Invitational Tournament held in China. He
has been to Beijing and Sichuan on numerous occasions to
continue his Wushu training. He has been a judge and chief
judge for many Canadian national Wushu competitions. He is an
International Wushu Federation certified coach. In 2001, he
was also certified by the International Wushu Federation as
an International Wushu Forms Judge. He currently teaches at
his school in Vancouver, Canada. See his photo
demonstration under Xiandai Wushu.
Whitsitt-Lynch,
Frank He was a wrestler on his high school and college
wrestling teams from 1964 to 1969. He began his martial arts
training in Tae Kwon Do in 1969 where he attained a black
belt level. He began his Chinese martial arts studies in
1974. In 1992, he began studying Wushu and Qigong from Wu
Wen-Ching. He is an instructor at The Way of the Dragon
School, a black belt in Wushu Sanshou Dao, and an engineer
with the Department of the Navy. See his photo
demonstrations under Baguazhang, Taijiquan and Xingyiquan.
Wing Chun see
Yongchunquan
Wong, Candice She
is a student of Ken Low and an assistant instructor under
him. Through the introduction from her teacher, she also
began to study from Liang Shou-Yu in 1999. She is a many time
gold medalist and all-around champion in U.S. & Canadian
Wushu competitions. See her photo demonstration under Qiang.
Wong, Ivan He
is a former member of the Canadian National Wushu team. He
has been a silver and bronze medalist in World Wushu
competitions; and a gold and silver medalist in Pan American
Championships. He is also a certified coach by the
International Wushu Federation. See his photo
demonstration under Changquan.
Wong, Phillip He
has over 25 years of teaching experience. He attained 13
national and international Grand Championships. He was also
the all-around silver medalist at the Second International
Wushu Invitational Tournament. He was an Inside Kung Fu
Competitor of the Year. He has been the character motion
capture for numerous video games, and has appeared most
notably in Tekken 1, 2, and 3 as Lei Wu Long. He is the
cofounder and teacher of the Pacific Wushu and the Stanford
Wushu Club. See his photo demonstration under Jian.
Wong, Solen
He is a native of Taiwan. In 1982, he became a student of
Liang Shou-Yu. He has studied many different styles of Wushu,
Qigong, Shuaijiao, Sanshou, and short weapon sparring. He was
a gold medalist in the Canadian-American martial arts
competition in the black belt division. He is currently in
the business field. See his photo demonstration under Tanglangquan.
Wong, Tat-Mau President
of the International Choy Lay Fut Kung Fu Federation of
America. He was a Southeast Asian forms and fighting
champion. He has over 35 years of extensive experience. He
was named "Man of the Year" and "Instructor of
the Year" by the Inside Kung Fu Magazines Hall of
Fame and he was named "Kung Fu Artist of the Year"
by the Black Belt Magazines Hall of Fame. He is the
sponsor of one of the most acclaimed tournaments in Kung Fu
history, the International Chinese Martial Arts Championship.
He currently operates three schools in the San Francisco area
and two schools in Sao Paulo, Brazil. More information about
him and his schools can be find at www.tatwong.com. See
his photo demonstration under Cailifoquan.
Wu, Andrew
(1995-) Wu Wen-Ching and Denise Breiter-Wu's son. He began
his Wushu training under his parents' tutelage at age two and
a half. His first major performance was at Professor Wang
Jurongs seventieth birthday celebration when he was
only three years old. His matching set performance and
one-handed pushups amazed the audience and received loud
applause. See his photo demonstrations under Emei
Shaolin, Wangshi Wushu and Nanquan.
Wu, Chengde
(1930-) A Professor Emeritus of the Shanghai Traditional
Medicine and Herbology University. Dr. Wu is a disciple and
the son-in-law of Wang Ziping. He was the first coach of the
Shanghai Wushu team. He is a prominent practitioner in
Shuaijiao, many Wushu styles, and a highly acclaimed
professor and doctor of Traditional Chinese Medicine. He is
an advisor of the International Wushu Sanshou Dao
Association. Dr. Wu has over a half century of Wushu,
Taijiquan, and Qigong experience, as well as, clinical
experience in Chinese medicine. From 1959 to 1989 he served
as the Director and professor for the Shanghai College of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, and a Doctor-in-Chief of the
Longhua Hospital in Shanghai. He currently teaches and has
his medical practice in Houston, Texas, USA. See his
photo demonstration under Wangshi Wushu.
Wu, Eddie Kwong
Yu He is the 5th Generation Wu Style Taijiquan descendent
and is currently the Chief Instructor of the Wu Style Tai Chi
Chuan Toronto Academy and Head of the North American and
European Academies. He is the great grandson of Wu Chuan Yau
(, 1834-1902). He began his training at age 6 under the
tutelage of his grandfather, Wu Kung Yi, and his father Wu
Tai Kwei. He has produced and directed several instructional
videos about Wu Style Taijiquan. He is a founding member of
the Canadian Chinese Kuo Sho Federation (1987), and served as
President for four years. He is also on the Board of
Directors on the Confederation of Canadian Wushu
Organizations and the Vice President of the United Wushu
Federation of Canada. See his photo demonstration
under Taijiquan.
Wu-Monnat, Grace
X. Also known as Wu Xiagao. She is a prominent Wushu
practitioner. She is the granddaughter and student of Wang
Ziping, and the daughter of Wang Jurong and Wu Chengde. She
received a B.A. in Physical Education at the Shanghai
Teacher's University, and a Master's degree in Sports
Administration at the Wichita State University. She is a
certified Wushu judge. By dedicating countless hours of her
time and serving conscientiously as a judge to the U.S.A.
team trials and numerous regional, national, and
international tournaments, she shares her contribution to the
promotion of Wushu and wellness. She is an instructor and
administrator of the Grace Wu Kung Fu School in Wichita,
Kansas, U.S.A. See her photo demonstrations under Chaquan,
Wangshi Wushu, and Tantuimen.
Wu, Helen X. (1956-)
She is a prominent Wushu practitioner. At age three, she
began her traditional Wushu training from her grandfather,
Wang Ziping; her mother, Wang Jurong; and her father, Wu
Chengde. She has been judging competitions and teaching Kung
Fu, Tai Chi, and Qigong since 1975. She graduated from
Shanghai Teacher's University and remained on as a teacher of
sports medicine. She has also studied and practiced
traditional Chinese Medicine under the direction of her
father. She is the author and co-author of several books and
videos including: Tai Chi Single Fan and Tai Chi
Double Fan. She was noted as, the "Great pioneer
martial woman that singly ventured into North America"
in the Great Changes in the Course of Time. More about
her can be found at www.masterhelenwu.com. See her
photo demonstrations under Shan, Taijiquan, and
Wangshi Wushu.
Wu, Wen-Ching
A prominent practitioner of Wushu and Qigong. He has written
and coauthored many books about Chinese martial arts,
Taijiquan, and Qigong. He has a BSME degree from Northeastern
University. In 1990, he was a U.S. National Chinese Martial
Arts Competition Grandchampion in both Internal and External
Styles where he competed in eight events and was ranked first
in every event he competed in. In 1998, he was awarded three
gold medals at the Fourth Shanghai International Wushu
Festival/Competition. In the same year, he was also included
in the book, China's Contemporary Wushu Masters . He
is the Vice Chairman of the International Wushu Sanshou Dao
Association and currently teaches in the Providence, Rhode
Island area. See his photo demonstrations throughout
this book.
Wu, Xiaoping
Also known as Lucy Wu. She began her traditional Wushu
training at age three from her grandfather, Wang Ziping; her
mother, Wang Jurong; and her father, Wu Chengde. She is a
graduate of the prestigious Shanghai Teachers
University and the Shanghai College of Traditional Chinese
Medicine. She is a prominent Wushu practitioner and a highly
skilled instructor and lecturer in a wide range of Internal
and External Style Wushu and sports medicine. She was the
recipient of the "Outstanding Employee of all
Shanghai" award and currently teaches at the Houston
Taiji Kung Fu Health Academy in Houston, Texas, U.S.A. See
her photo demonstration under Wangshi Wushu.
Wudang
Hongmenquan The earliest records indicate that this style
spread from Sichuan Province to Hubei Province. It was then
influenced by Wudang Wushu and gradually became a style of
its own. This style utilizes many sounds to assist in its
power emission. Sounds, such as: sha , zhi , hei , and
ha , are often used. Some of the known routines include:
Zhongshou , Fengshou , Hongmenshou , Jingangshou ,
Qinglongshou , Ba-dashou , Jiugongshou , Shizishou ,
Laojuntang , Chuhai , Panjjiao , and many training
methods.
Wudang Wushu
This is a term referring to all of the styles that originated
from the Wudang Mountains. The Wudang Mountains are also
known as Taiheshan . This is a famous Daoist Mountain
range, as well as, the core of Daoist Wushu. There have been
many legendary stories about Wudang Najiaquan and Zhang
Sanfeng . During the end of the Qing Dynasty and toward the
beginning of the Republic, the last Abbott of Jinshan , Xu
Ben-shan , was known to possess nearly incredible skills.
In 1931, General He Long studied Wudang Wushu from him.
Wudang Wushu includes many styles which have been introduced
under their own headings.
Figures
W-25 and W-26: Wudang Lianhuanjian /Liang
Qiangya
Figure
W-27: Wudang Jian/He Weiqi
Figure
W-28: Snake and Hawk Boxing/Kenneth Cohen
(photo by Rebecca D. Cohen)
Wudangmen Translated
as Wudang Gate, also known as, Lipai Gongfu . It was
created by Li Ruidong during the Qing Dynasty. Li was the
director of training for the imperial guards, a position he
held for over twenty years. Li was a prominent practitioner
in Chuojiao, Shaolin, Tantui, Xinyi, Bagua, and Wudang
Jinchanpai Taijigong . Li taught his style to his top
student Zhang Tao . Zhang taught it to Chen Yuefang .
Chen taught it to Wang Youyu . Wang taught it to his son,
Wang Xuezhi , the fifth generation chairman. The training
content of this style includes: Wudang Wuxiu Jinchanpai Taiji
, Taiji Bagua Qimenquan , Taiji Baba Shenna Luanchaquan
, Taiji Wuxingchui , and many other barehanded and weapon
routines. This training also includes traumatology and
traditional healing methods.
Information provided
by Wang Xuezhi.
Figure
W-29: Wudang Jinchanpai Taijigong/Wang Xuezhi
Figure
W-30: Wudang Bagua Double Sabers/Wang Xuezhi
Wuji Xiaoyaopai
The complete name for this style is Shusan Wuji Xiaoyaopai
. Shushan is a term referring to the region in China that
includes current day Sichuan and northern parts of Yunnan and
Guizhou, and part of Shaanxi. The term Xiaoyao implies the
state of free expression at its highest level. The term Wuji
implies the unlimited and unrestricted nature of the style.
In order for a practitioner to attain a state of absolute
freedom in utilizing ones martial ability, it is
necessary that one have a solid foundation and broad martial
arts knowledge and ability, and is able to integrate the
usefulness of the different styles. When the practitioner is
able to express and assimilate the characteristics of
different styles, and digest them into useful forms to make
them ones own, then the practitioner will have attained
the state of "extend from the rule, yet in accord with
the rule" in every movement.
This style is
inspired by the Wuji and Xiaoyao styles that existed during
the Song Dynasty. It was founded by Liang Shou-Yu and is
based on his extensive Wushu background and experience in
many Wushu styles. The requirements of the Wuji Xiaoyaopai
are for the practitioner to learn the well-known styles, to
absorb the essence of these different styles, and to charge
up ones knowledge and ability. The practitioner should
not be restricted to any particular styles strengths or
limitations. From the dedicated practice of the different
styles, the practitioner will be able to attain a state of
truly free expression of the different styles.
The Wuji Xiaoyaopai
is a fusion of Emei, Wudang, Shaolin Wushu, and Qigong into
one exceptional style. The styles foundation training
includes the essence of traditional routines from well-known
Wushu styles. Practitioners are required to be well-versed in
the styles characteristics and principles governing the
styles barehanded and weapon routines, and free
fighting.
The training content
of Wuji Xiaoyaopai consists of routines from thirty-six
different styles and eighteen categories of weapons; and the
Xiaoyao routines created by Liang Shou-Yu. They include:
Shaolin Fuhuquan , Liuhequan , Yanqingquan , Chaquan
, Emei Shaolin Bafa , Tiangangquan , Qixingquan ,
Heihuquan , Hongquan , Hongquan , Fanziquan ,
Tongbiquan , Yingzhuaquan , Tanglangquan , Chuojiaoquan
, Tuokaoquan , Emei Shequan ; the Baguazhang System ,
the Xingyiquan System ; Chen , Yang , Wu , and Sun
Style Taijiquan; Huayue Xinyi Liuhebafa and Sanpan
Shiershi ; the Wujiquan System ; Xiaoyaoquan ,
Xiaoyaoshuai , Xiaoyaona , Xiaoyaotui , Xiaoyaozhang
, Xiaoyaodianxue , and Push Hands methods.
Their practical
fighting training includes: traditional Shuijiao , Sanshou
Kuaijiao , Qinna , cavity press, competition Sanshou
training, self-defense and street Sanshou training; and Taiji
basic, free, and Sanshou Push Hands. Their internal strength
and Qigong training includes: Iron Shirt, Dapeng and
Golden Bell Cover Qigong, Medical Qigong, External Qi Healing
Qigong, Buddhist Qigong, and Daoist Jinguang Xuanlin
Qigong.
Figure
W-31: Xiaoyaoquan/Liang Shou-Yu
Figure
W-32: Tiangangquan/Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
W-33: Wujiquan/Liang Shou-Yu
Figure
W-34: Xiaoyaona/Sun Jie
Figure
W-35: Xiaoyaozhang/Liang Shou-Yu
Figure
W-36: Xiaoyaoshuai/Liang Shou-Yu
Figure
W-37: White Ape Sword/Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
W-38: Xiaoyaoshui Application/Liang Shou-Yu
and Ian Sinclair
Figure
W-39: White Ape Sword/Huen Siu Hung
Figure
W-40: Rooting Training at the Beach/Liang
Shou-Yu and Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
W-41: Xiaoyaotui/Sun Jie
Figures
W-42 and W-43: Xiaoyaoquan and
Applications/S.Y.L. Wushu Institute Students:
Michael, Matthew, Terry, Michael, Patti,
Itamar, Tony, Mo, Gordon, Jacob, Michael,
Ken, Brigitte, Shona, Kelly, Chen-Han, Chris,
Ron, Derek, and Tjong
Wujiaquan This
is a Southern Style originally from the Fujian Shaolin
Temple. The known training includes: Liuluquan , six elbow
techniques, eight fist techniques, twelve palm techniques,
and many kicking techniques.
Wumeipai Legend
has it, that Wumeipai was created by Wu Mei, the daughter of
a general in the Ming imperial court. Thus, she had the
benefits of imperial tutors in all aspects of knowledge, art,
and culture. She was an advocate of strong and rigorous
training to improve military readiness. Wu Mei sought refuge
at the White Crane Shaolin Temple in Guangxi when the Qing
Dynasty took control of the empire. Wu Mei taught her Wushu
to the monks and nuns at the temple, and helped the Ming
loyalists raise an army against the Qing rulers. Her art was
only taught at the temple so that her methods would not fall
into enemy hands. She innovated wooden posts
traininglogs driven into the ground in a huge matrix in
patterns of five. Individuality, improvisation, and
unpredictability are the hallmarks of Wumeipai.
Information provided
by Ken Lo.
Figure
W-44: Wumeipai/Ken Lo
Wushouquan Translated
as Five Handed Fist. This is a popular Wushu trained by the
people of Qingdao City of Shandong Province. The focus of
this style is on practical applications rather than on forms.
Each of their routines contains only a few techniques that
are practiced individually or together as a short routine.
The power expression of this style resembles Xingyiquan.
Wushu The
official term for Chinese martial arts. It is also a general
term meaning martial arts.
Wushu Anqi
Anqi generally refers to any weapon that can be concealed on
a person. Anqi can be used from a few feet to one hundred
feet away to strike an opponent. Wushu practitioners of old
learned not only barehanded and weapon combat skills, but
they also learned anqi skills. It was almost impossible to
travel around the countryside without the ability to use
anqi. Anqi skills were often used when ones ability was
not as good as their opponent. To surprise an opponent and to
avert a life or death situation, fighters often resorted to
anqi to save themselves. Generally, there are thirty-six
different kinds of traditional Wushu anqi including throwing
anqi, roped anqi, projectile activated anqi, blow darts, etc.
Wushu Bingqi
This term refers to all Wushu weapons. Since ancient times,
there has not been a consistent record of how many Wushu
weapons there are. The way the numbers are used in Chinese is
very intriguing with multiple context and meaning. It is
known that there are more than eighteen Wushu weapons, but
there is a figure of speech that states, "eighteen types
of weapons". Generally speaking, the term simply means
"all the weapons". Today, Wushu weapons are
typically classified into either long, short, flexible,
small, or concealed weapons.
Typically, long and
short weapons are used as primary weapons, flexible and short
weapons are used as secondary weapons, and hidden weapons are
used as ambushing weapons.
Long weapons
typically refer to all weapons that have a long rod or an
extension of a long rod. Weapons like the staff, spear, and
trident, are typical long weapons. They are usually about as
long as the distance from the practitioner's feet to his
eyebrows. Long weapon movements are generally held with both
hands when used.
Short weapons
typically refer to weapons that are longer than the
practitioners arm, but shorter than the distance
between the practitioner's feet and eyebrows. Weapons like
the sword, saber, and short rods, are typical short weapons.
Many short weapons are easily converted into long weapons by
adding a pole extension.
Flexible weapons
typically refer to weapons that bend. Weapons such as the
chain, three section staff, and rope dart, are typical
flexible weapons. Flexible weapons are often used as
secondary weapons when the primary weapon is not available or
breaks during combat. Some flexible weapons are also
considered concealed weapons or anqi . Small weapons
typically refer to weapons that are shorter than the
practitioner's arm. Weapons like the deer hooks, dagger, and
Emei piercer, are typical short weapons. Concealed weapons
are known as Wushu Anqi and are described under their own
heading.
Also see specific
types of Wushu weapons.
Figure
W-45: Staff/William Pyne
Figure
W-46: Spear/Jeffrey Lykins
Figure
W-47: Pudao/Fred Barbosa
Figure
W-48: Saber/Ryan May
Figure
W-49: Double Sabers/Tom Uva
Figure
W-50: Sword/Gordon Yiu
Figure
W-51: Staff/Steve Finger
Figure
W-52: Group Saber/S.Y.L. Wushu Institute
Students: Billy, Desmond, Trylon, Kerry,
Leslie, Tjong, Derek, Hong, and Howie
Figure
W-53: Group Staff/S.Y.L. Wushu Institute
Students: Eric, Francis, Derek, Leslie,
Jonathan, Chelsia, and Hong
Figure
W-54: Group Spear/S.Y.L. Wushu Institute
Students: Billy, Kerry, Desmond, Chen-Han,
Dora, Eli, Shona, and Sarah
Wushu Qigong
A part of the martial arts internal energy training
that develops the physical bodys ability to withstand
attacks, and develops a strong offensive application
potential.
Wushu Sanshou Dao
Officially called the International Wushu Sanshou Dao
(I.W.S.D.) Association. An organization founded in the 1980's
by martial arts practitioners from Canada, U.S.A., China, and
Russia. It is not a style of martial arts, rather it is an
organization dedicated to preserving and training
well-rounded martial artists. Wushu Sanshou Dao utilizes
Chinese Wushu as a foundation, while incorporating the
advantages from other martial arts systems into its training
outline. Wushu Sanshou Dao encourages its members to
participate in different martial arts competitions to learn
and familiarize themselves with other systems of martial
arts. It supports all international martial arts movements
and does not discriminate against any style of martial arts.
If it is a practical and useful martial art, it is a good
martial art. Since its conception, members of the Wushu
Sanshou Dao organization have participated in Wushu, Sanshou,
Karate, Judo, and Taiji Push Hands competitions with
outstanding achievements in both the routines and the
application categories.
Wushu Sanshou Dao
has enlisted many advisors in its organization. These
advisors are all outstanding and prominent practitioners in
the martial arts community with remarkable contributions to
the promotion of martial arts around the world. They receive
the highest admiration and respect from the Wushu Sanshou Dao
members.
Wushu Sanshou Dao
ranking is very demanding. To attain each level of black
belt, the practitioners must go through rigorous training and
testing. Only the well-rounded practitioners with exceptional
knowledge and skills are granted black belt status. The
general requirements for each level of Wushu Sanshou Dao are
listed on the following pages.
Figure
W-55: Qinna/Liang Shou-Yu and student
Figure
W-56: Sanshou Application/ Wang Yu Wa
Figures
W-57, W-60, and W-61: Sanshou Training/Tjhie
Wie Tjong and Howie Leung
Figure
W-58: Sanshou Training/Jared Johnson and
Ayron Howey
Figure
W-59: Sanshou Training/Ayron Howey and Derek
Cheng
Figure
W-62: Conditioning the Abdomen with a
Log/Howie Leung
Figure
W-63: Breaking bricks with the head/Yang Wei
Figure
W-64: Holding and breaking two bricks with
the palm/Yang Wei
Figure
W-65: Breaking five bricks with the palm/Sun
Xiaodong
Figure
W-66: Push Bricks in Horse Stance 1000-1500
times in ten minutes/ Vancouver, Canada
I.W.S.D. Members
Figure
W-65: Minimum of Twenty One Handed Push
Up/Vancouver, Canada I.W.S.D. Members
First Level
Black Belt
1. Five
routines:
a. One
Northern or Southern Chinese Wushu routine
b. One
Internal Style Chinese Wushu routine
c. One
other routine that can be from any accepted
martial arts style
d. One
short weapon routine from any accepted martial
art style
e. One
long weapon routine from any accepted martial
arts style
2. Ten Qinna
techniques.
3. Ten take
down techniques.
4. Basic
Taiji Push Hands ability including Peng, Lu, Ji, An,
Cai, Lie, Zhou, Kao.
5. Twenty
one step fighting techniques.
6.
Proficiency in free style sparring.
7. Men must
be able to do 20 one handed push ups (feet placed on
a foot high bench), with each arm. Women must be able
to do 30 standard two handed push ups (feet placed on
a foot high bench).
Many of the Wushu
Sanshou Dao First Level Black Belt recipients have also
attained the top three rankings in international competitions
held in the United States and Canada. Some have also attained
the top three rankings in world competitions. Wushu Sanshou
Dao does not require its members to compete in competitions,
however, participants that are interested in competition are
encouraged to do so. The primary goal of Wushu Sanshou Dao is
to nurture the all-around martial artist.
Second Level
Black Belt
1. Ten
additional Qinna techniques.
2. Ten
additional take down techniques.
3. Ten
ground fighting techniques.
Figure
W-68 and W-69: Hard Qigong-Spear to the
Throat/Vancouver, Canada I.W.S.D. Members
Figures
W-70 and W-71: Supporting Body weight with a
stick on the solar plexus (30 seconds to
2-1/2 minutes)/Tony Bujas, Ron Case, Peter
Spence, Michael Young, Gord McKay, Calvin
Keele, Jacob Simpson, Howie Leung, Barry
Luqer, Declan King, Derek Cheng, Michael
Holmes, and Kelly Maclean
4. Free
Taiji Push Hands ability.
5. Internal
energy (Qigong) attainment, such that strikes to the
arms, abdomen, chest, sides of the torso, and head
can be withstood without injury. Women are exempt
from strikes to the chest and waist.
6. Breaking
techniques with the hands, feet, and head, which
indicate strength and power for martial application.
7. Free
sparring incorporating Push Hands skills which
indicate the ability to use neutralization skills
against an opponents muscular strength.
Third Level
Black Belt
1. Two
advanced External and/or Internal Style routines.
2. Ten
additional take down techniques.
3. Ten
additional ground fighting techniques.
4. Ten
additional Qinna techniques incorporating ten
effective pressure point attacks.
5.
Barehanded free sparring training against weapons
6. Combined
free sparring with take down, Qinna, and Push Hands
skills.
7. A
qualified Second Level holder may be exempt from all
of the above requirements, if he or she has achieved
recognition as an all-around routine champion or a
Sanshou champion in a recognized national
competition.
Figure
W-72: Sanshou Training/Liang Shou-Yu (R) and
Mike Sigman (L)
Figure
W-73: Sanshou Dao/Michael Levenston
Figure
W-74: Sanshou Ready Posture/Wang Yu Wa
Figure
W-75: Sanshou/Yang Wei
Figure
W-76: Sanshou Training/Juha Lintunen and
Bedry Ricci
Figure
W-77: Ground Control/Al Arsenalt (R) and
Jared Johnson (L)
Figure
W-78: Sanshou/Rudi Ott, Ayron Howey, and
Howie Leung
Figure
W-79: Leg Conditioning/Fred Ho and Perry Lo
Fourth Level
Black Belt Master Level 1
1.
Proficiency in more than ten routines.
2. A minimum
of 10 years of teaching experience in the martial
arts.
3. Advanced
achievement in internal energy training.
4. A
university degree or equivalent life experience.
5. A free
fighting champion in a recognized world competition
may be considered for this level without testing.
First place all-around routine champion in a
recognized world competition may also be considered
for this level without testing.
Fifth Level
Black Belt Master Level 2
1.
Experienced in judging a national and/or an
international martial arts events.
2. Published
pieces of work in the field of martial arts (books,
magazine or journal articles, videos, audiotapes
...).
3. Further
advancement achieved in internal energy training.
4.
Contributions in teaching and promoting martial arts.
Figure
W-80: Staff vs. Staff/Howard Means and Thomas
Uva
Figure
W-81: Sanshou Competition/Ayron Howey
(Canadian National Champion, 65 Kg)
Figure
W-82: Sanshou Competition/Howie Leung
(Canadian National Champion, 80 Kg)
Figure
W-83: Sanshou Competition/Derek Cheng
(Canadian National Champion, 70 Kg)
Sixth Level
Black Belt Master Level 3
1.
Continuous contribution in teaching and promoting
martial arts.
2. Has
positive national (country of permanent residence)
recognition in the martial arts community.
Seventh Level
Black Belt Master Level 4
1.
Continuous contribution in teaching and promoting
martial arts and Wushu Sanshou Dao.
2. Has
positive international recognition in the martial
arts community.
Eighth Level
Black Belt Honorary Level 1
1. Honorary
Level 1 recipients must be a person of great martial
arts accomplishment, recommended and approved by the
I.W.S.D. Association Headquarters.
2. This
individual must be at least 55 years of age and have
over 30 years of martial arts experience.
Ninth Level
Black Belt Honorary Level 2
1. Honorary
Level 2 recipients must be a founding member of the
I.W.S.D. Association with continuous contribution in
promoting Wushu Sanshou Dao or be an individual with
an extraordinary contribution to Wushu Sanshou Dao.
2. This
individual must be at least 60 years of age and have
over 40 years of martial arts experience.
Wuxing Dunshumen
In ancient times, in addition to combat training,
practitioners also learned many other techniques to evade
enemy pursuit or to trick their opponents. These techniques
and tricks utilized the environment and concealed weapons, to
mislead and to distress their opponents, and to achieve
self-preservation. These types of techniques and tricks are
referred to as dunshu or elusive techniques. Training in
dunshu also includes: camouflage within the natural
environment, climbing techniques up walls, crossing
techniques from building to building, etc. The style that
specifically focuses on these elusive techniques is known as
Wuxing Dunshumen.
Wuzuquan Translated
as Five Ancestor Fist. It is also known as Wuzuheyangquan ,
and romanized as Ngor Chor in Fujian Chinese dialect. It is
classified as a Southern Style that is popular in Southern
China, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines. Wuzuquan was
developed by Li Chun-Jen during the reign of the Qing
Emperor, Yongzheng , between 1723 and 1735.
In his youth, Li
studied Taizuquan , Baihequan , and Houquan . After
many years of study and contemplation, he realized that all
martial art styles have their own strengths and weaknesses.
He decided to further his skills by traveling around China to
learn and exchange skills with practitioners of different
styles. After his travels, Li settled in Southern China and
taught his Wushu to many students. Li organized his Wushu
into five categories. They were: Taizuquan, Luohanquan ,
Baihequan, Hoquan, and Xuanuquan . One of the most noted
students of Li was Kan Te-Yen . Kan was the nephew of
Lis wife. Kan studied the five styles taught to him by
his teacher and further unified the styles into one.
Wuzuquan is noted
for its effective close range combat methods, including
joint-locks and leg sweeps. Its movements are simple and
direct. Wuzuquan consists of a total of one hundred and eight
barehanded, weapon, sparring, and Green Lion against weapon
routines. Wuzuquan's emphasis is on the development of an
individuals martial skill according to their
adaptability, body type, and personal strength. Its training
focus lies within the requirements of stability, strength,
speed, subtleness, and softness.
Information provided
by Kam P. Lee
Figure
W-84: Wuzuquan/Kam P. Lee
X
Xiandai Wushu
Translated as Contemporary or Modern Wushu. This is also
referred to as Sports Performance Wushu. It has the appeal of
Huatao Wushu of the Ming Dynasty, but surpassed Huatao
Wushus degree of difficulty. The level of difficulty in
Contemporary Wushu is very demanding on the
practitioners endurance, speed, jumping ability,
flexibility, balance, coordinated power, and the overall
quality of the physical body. It is suitable for sports
competitions, performance, and for youngsters to practice.
Most Contemporary Wushu routines are not suitable for combat,
but they are very good for foundation training for combat.
During the ten years
of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) in China, all
traditional culture was ravaged. Traditional Wushu was also
restricted. Sanshou and practical applications were not
allowed to be practiced or shown in public. Even sports
Shuaijiao , boxing, and weight lifting, were eliminated
from formal competition categories.
When the Cultural
Revolution ended, Wushu performances had become Huajiazi ,
or dance-like without martial intent. These Wushu routines
included many dance, ballet, and acting movements and became
known as Zixuan Taolu , individual creation routines.
These routines
included very graceful and highly difficult movements and
were very entertaining to the audience. Since they
didnt include any violent expressions, they were warmly
received by many parents who sent their children to study.
When these charismatic Wushu routines were taken outside of
China on friendship tours around the world, they also
captivated foreign audiences. People around the world began
to view Wushu as a healthy, body strengthening, and artistic
sport training.
The contribution of
Contemporary Wushu has been significant to the popularity of
Wushu around the world today. However, at the time, people
outside of China thought of Wushu as "it looks good, but
is not useful". The newer generation of performers were
only trained for performance, without actual combat
experience. The performers, shortly after the Cultural
Revolution, were unable to accept fighting challenges. Wushu
practitioners outside of China condemned the performance
Wushu. It wasnt until more and more traditionally
trained coaches started to immigrate outside of China,
accepting and defeating challenges, that Wushu from mainland
China regained its respect. Towards the end of the
1990s, Wushu Sanshou teams from China challenged
fighters from around the world. They defeated many of these
fighters and proved to the world that the fighting ability of
Wushu is still thriving in China.
Wushu had come to
another crossroad. Many practitioners of Wushu either
practiced routines only and ignored the combat training, or
practiced combat training and ignored the routine training.
Realizing this deviation, the International Wushu Sanshou Dao
(I.W.S.D.) was formed. Practitioners from China, Canada,
United States, and Russia, got together and developed this
organization with the objective to foster a versatile martial
artist, not one that was proficient only in routines or only
in fighting.
Today, the trend is
very encouraging. The younger generation of Wushu
practitioners have become well-versed in both routines and
combat. There have been many young versatile Wushu
practitioners in recent years.
Due to the tireless
work of Wushu enthusiasts around the world, Wushu has become
an international competition event. After 1985 and two world
competitions held in China, Wushu has steadily increased its
popularity. There have been five world Wushu competitions
held around the world and Wushu enthusiasts are working to
make it an Olympic event in the year 2008.
Today, the
competition categories for Wushu include routine and Sanshou
categories along with exhibition components and matching
sparring set competition components. The routine component
includes separate divisions for men and women. They include:
the International Compulsory Changquan, Nanquan, 42 Posture
Taijiquan, Saber, Spear, Staff, Sword, 42 Posture Taiji
Sword, Southern Staff, and Southern Saber.
In the Sanshou
category, there are 11 divisions. They are: 48 kg, 52 kg, 56
kg, 60 kg, 65 kg, 70 kg, 75 kg, 80 kg, 85 kg, 90 kg, and over
90 kg subcategories. The matching sparring set categories
include: Sword vs. Saber, Barehanded vs. Barehanded, Staff
vs. Staff, Staff vs. Spear, and Three Section Staff vs Staff.
Figure
X-1: Butterfly with a 360 Degree Twist/Hui Mo
Figure
X-2: Jumping Side Kick/Lin Siyan
Figure
X-3: Opening the Door Posture/Jiang Haoquan
Figure
X-4: Wushu Basics/Bruce Fontaine
Figure
X-5: Compulsory Saber Routine/Maria Liang
Figure
X-6: Saber/Narcyz Latecki
Figure
X-7: Shuaijiao/Jiang Haoquan and Wang
Weizhang
Figure
X-8: Sanshou Competition/Michael Li, referee
Figure
X-9: Daggers vs. Spear/Li Jinheng (L) and Hao
Zhihua (R)
Figure
X-10: Sword Compulsory Routine/Kelly Maclean
Figure
X-11: Nanquan Compulsory Routine/Howie Leung
Figure
X-12: Saber Compulsory Routine/Douglas Chin
Figure
X-13: Saber Compulsory Routine/Cindy Luo
Figure
X-14: Sword Compulsory Routine/Chris Chin
Figure
X-15: Southern Saber Compulsory Routine/Perry
Lo
Figure
X-16: Spear Compulsory Routine/Alan Tang
Figure
X-17: Taiji Sword Compulsory Routine/Hong
Yijiao
Figure
X-18: Staff Compulsory Routine/Fred Whiting
Figure
X-19: Changquan Compulsory Routine/Katrina
Leung
Figures
X-20 and X-21: Coaching Students/Liang
Shou-Yu and Students
Figure
X-22: Balance Training/Rena Huang, Kelly
Maclean, Sandy, Emily, and Bonnie
Figure
X-23: Qinna Matching Set/Narcyz Latecki and
Eva Latecki
Xiangmen Translated
as Xiang Family Style. It was created by Xiang Kui , a
Security Guard in Bejing during the Qing Dynasty.
Xiangmens movements are close and continuous. There are
seven known barehanded routines and a Nanzhenggun staff
routine.
Xianhumen This
is an Emei Style. There are three known barehanded routines,
a Zheshoujian sword routine, and a Nuanhuafu ax
routine.
Xiao, Benson
Also known as Xiao Binsheng. He was a former member of the
Heilongjiang Provincial Wushu team. He was a gold medalist
many times in city, provincial, and national Wushu
competitions. He is a graduate of Beijing Physical Education
University with a degree in Wushu. He was the former editor
of China Wushu Magazine, a first class judge, and Wushu coach
of the China National Sports Committee. In 2001, he was
certified by the International Wushu Federation as an
International Wushu Forms Judge. He currently teaches in
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. See his photo
demonstration under Taizuquan.
Xiaquan Translated
as Xia Style. Legend has it, that Li Huzi of Sichuan
taught it to students in Guangdong during the Qing Dynasty.
Li Huzi was also a Chan Buddhist priest, known as Jingo .
He taught his Wushu to Huang Yinlin . When Huang taught his
students, he named the style Xiaquan, out of respect and in
remembrance of his teacher who was known as Da Xia, meaning
great and ethically upright martial artist.
It is classified
both as an Emei Style and a Southern Style. Some of the known
routines include: Huheshuandou , Daluohan , Xiajia Dandao
, and Zuoshougun .
Xibei Difangquan Translated
as Northeast Regional Style. It is also known as
Lanzhoudifang Laobashi and Bamen . This style is an
embodiment of many other styles. These famous styles include:
Paoquan , Siquan , Jiuhuanzi , Tongbeiquan , and
Fengshoubakuai . Among them, Paoquan is the mother,
including twelve routines. Siquan is the son,
including six routines. There are many kicking and takedown
methods. The primary palm technique is an expression of power
to the finger tips to distress an opponent. The practitioners
also used to put coins in the ends of their sleeves to
increase the effectiveness of their strikes. Within the
movments are constant opening and closing moves which both
can be offensive techniques.
Information provided
by Michael Li.
Figure
X-24: Sipaoquan /Michael Li
Xie, Qingcai He
is a first class China Wushu judge. He is a committee member
and director of the Sichuan Wushu Association, and the
Principal of the Chongqing Yunyang Teacher's College . He
is the Chairman of the Changjiang Sanxia Affiliate of the
International Wushu Sanshou Dao Association. During the
1960's to the 1980's, he studied Wushu from Liang Shou-Yu. See
his photo demonstration under Qiang.
Xiliangquan Legend
has it, that during the Three Kingdom era, General Ma Chao
, created Xiliangquan. General Ma used Xiliangquan to train
his troops. His troops became one of the most feared groups
of warriors. In the Qing Dynasty, a prominent Wushu fighter,
Tang Dianxiang was well-known for Xiliangquan.
Information
provided by Lu Fenglin
Figures
X-25 and X-26: Xiliangquan/ Lu Fenglin
Xingyiquan An
Internal Style Wushu, also romanized as Hsing Yi Chuan, and
translated as Shape and Intent Fist. This is a Wushu style
known for its dynamic and explosive movements. Xing or
shape, is derived from the characteristics of the fighting
movements of 12 different animals. Yi or intent,
refers to the elevated spirit of the animals in action.
Legend has it, that Marshal Yue Fei (1103-1142 A.D.) of
the Southern Song Dynasty created Xingyiquan and taught it to
his troops.
Xingyiquan basics
include: Santishi , Wuxingquan , and Shierxing .
Santishi or Three Body Posture, is the basic stance,
referring to the three powers of the universe: heaven, earth,
and men. Wuxingquan or Five Element Routine, are the basic
punching methods referring to Piquan (, Splitting Fist),
Zuanquan (, Drilling Fist), Beng-quan (, Crashing Fist),
Paoquan (, Exploding Fist), and Hengquan (, Shearing Fist).
Shierxing or Twelve Animal Shapes, refer to the fighting
movements and spirit of the animals. The Twelve animals are:
dragon , tiger , monkey , horse , water lizard ,
chicken , sparrow hawk , swallow , snake , heavenly
bird , eagle , and bear .
Figure
X-27: Santishi / Wang Shutian
Figure
X-28: Paoquan / Helen Liang
Figure
X-29: Sparrow-Hawk Posture/ Wu Wen-Ching
Figure
X-30: Monkey Posture/Kenneth Cohen (photo by
Rebecca D. Cohen)
Figure
X-31: Zhuanquan/Naji Mazloum
Figure
X-32: Piquan/Frank Whitsitt-Lynch
Figure
X-33: Shashi Xingyiquan-White Ape Turns Its
Body Posture/Cheng Shaoming
Xinjiang Uygur
Zizhiqu An autonomous region in northwestern China that
borders Russia and Mongolia. It covers over 1.6 million
square kilometers with a population of over 17 million as of
1999. It is the region/province with the largest land mass in
China.
Xiyangzhang This
style was passed down from Tang Dianqing of the Anhui
Province. Tang was a martial arts hero during the later part
of the Qing Dynasty. Legend has it, that he was the bodyguard
for Li Hongzhang , a high royal officer of the Qing
Emperor. Tangs disciple, Wu Chongguang was the head
instructor of the Wuhu City Guoshu School .
Xiyangzhang
movements are open and extended, but require a lot of effort
to perform. The foundation routines are the ten Tantui
routines ; Xiyangzhang is to develop a practitioners
internal strength; and the Upper and the Lower Shitouquan
are the fighting application training. Practitioners must be
accepted as a disciple before they are allowed to learn this
style.
Information provided
by Qi Ke Bao.
Figures
X-34 and X-35: Xiyangzhang/Qi Ke Bao
Xizang Zizhiqu
An autonomous region in southwestern China, also known as,
Tibet. It borders Nepal, Bhutan, and India to its south. It
covers over 1.2 million square kilometers with a population
of over 2 million people as of 1999.
Xu, Junheng
He is a prominent Taijiquan and Qigong practitioner, and an
outstanding swimming athlete for the Shanghai Swimming team.
He served as the Director and Coach-in-Chief for the Division
of Swimming for the Shanghai Municipal Government. In 1971,
he began to practice Yang Style Taijiquan with Fu Zhongwen;
and started his serious study of Chinese medicine,
acupuncture, and therapeutic massage. He has been teaching
Taiji Walking Qigong to maximize general health and to help
cancer patients. He currently teaches at the Ross Institute
in Long Island, New York. He serves as the Director of the
Asian Exchange Program at the Ross Institute where he teaches
the 18-form Taiji Qigong and his unique Taiji Walking
Program. See his photo demonstration under Qigong.
Y
Yaan Yujiaquan
Translated as Yu Family Fist of Yaan. It was created by Yu
Zhenggang of Yaan . Yaan Yujiaquan was only taught to
their family members. This style focuses on both the healing,
as well as, the fighting components of Wushu. The known
routines include: Sanshiliuzhou and Shisangun .
Yang, Chen-Han
A member of the alternate Canadian Sanshou team in 1998. He
received two gold medals in the 1995 U.S. National
Competitions. He is a S.Y.L. Wushu Institute instructor. He
is also included in the book, Chinas Contemporary
Wushu Masters . In 2001, he was the first place winner
at the Canadian National Sanshou competiton in the 124 to 132
pound category. See his photo demonstration under Tanglangquan.
Yang, Chengfu
(1883-1936) He is the grandson of the founder of Yang Style
Taijiquan, Yang Luchan . He was the head coach of the
Wudang division at the Central Guoshu Institute . The
modern version of Yang Style Taijiquan is based on his
teachings. He had many students. The notable ones include his
sons; and students Cui Dianshi , Li Yaxuan , Wu Huichuan
, Fu Zhongwen , and Dong Yinjie . See his photo
demonstration under Taijiquan.
Yang, Fukui A
graduate of Tianjin College of Physical Education. He was a
professional Wushu coach in Tianjin and Japan from 1984 to
1996. He won numerous prizes in China and the U.S. for
Xingyiquan, Chen and Yang Style Taijiquan, Push Hands, and
Wushu forms. He is certified in China to practice qi healing
and tuina. He was the director of the Tianjin Qigong
Institute from 1994 to 1996. He is the founder and head coach
of Heart Mind Chinese Martial Arts in Manhattan, New York,
U.S.A. He is also a member of the adjunct faculty at the
Pacific College of Oriental Medicine, where he teaches tuina.
See his photo demonstration under Baguazhang.
Yang, Jun A
prominent sixth generation representative of Yang Style
Taijiquan. He lived and studied with his grandfather, Yang
Zhenduo since childhood. He has traveled extensively with
his grandfather, giving workshops around world. He currently
teaches in Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. See his photo
demonstration under Taijiquan.
Yang, Wei
(1966-) Vice Chairman of the International Wushu Sanshou Dao
Association. He was the gold medalist in the 70 kilogram
division at the Heilongjiang China national Sanshou
competition. He has written many books on hard Qigong and
Sanshou training. He is an outstanding young martial artist
in the Wushu community. See his photo demonstration
under Wushu Sanshou Dao.
Yang, Yang (1961-)
He began his Chen Style Taijiquan study at age twelve. He
studied from Gu Liuxin , Chen Zhaokui , and Feng Zhiqiang
. He is a formal disciple of Feng Zhiqiang. He was a gold
medalist at the Shanghai University Gongfu Tournament for
three straight years (1981-1983), and was voted Best Overall
Martial Artist in 1983. He was an instructor at the Shanghai
Chen Style Research Association. He has a law degree and an
engineering degree from China, a Masters degree in
economics from Illinois State University, and is currently
working on his doctorate in kinesiology at the University of
Illinois. He is the director of the Feng Zhiqiang Martial
Academy of North America and the Qiu Zhen Yi Center for Taiji
Studies in Illinois. See his photo demonstration under
Taijiquan.
Yang, Zhenduo
(1926-) He is the great-grandson of the founder of Yang Style
Taijiquan, Yang Luchan . He is one of the most prominent
fourth generation representatives of Yang Style Taijiquan
today. He began his Taijiquan study with his father, Yang
Chengfu . He currently teaches in Seattle, Washington,
U.S.A., and gives workshops around the world. See his
photo demonstration under Taijiquan.
Yangbalangquan This
is a style practiced in the Chongqing City area. There are
six known barehanded routines, six weapon routines, five
training methods, and sparring methods.
Yangtze River
The longest river in China, and the fourth longest in the
world. It is also known as Changjiang or Long River. It is
also one of the most important water transportation routes in
China. Wushu styles originating above the Yangtze River are
considered Northern Styles and Wushu styles originating below
the Yangtze River are considered Southern Styles.
Yaojia This
is a style developed by the Yao ethnic people living in the
mountain range between Hunan and Guangxi. Over one thousand
years ago, this area was infested with bandits and thieves.
To protect themselves, the Yao people had to absorb other
styles and develop their Wushu skills. Their routines tend to
be short with only about ten movements. The known weapon
routines include: Qimeigun , Biandan , Shuangdao , and
Huba .
Yanqingquan A
Changquan type Wushu. Legend has it, that Lu Junyi of the
Tang Dynasty created this style and taught it to Yan Qing .
Another legend has it, that Yan Qing, a Song Dynasty hero of
the people, created this style based on the agile movements
of the monkey. The type of monkey was a macaque, which is
referred to as mizong in Chinese.
The term Mizong also
sounds like many other Chinese words. One of the popular
Mizong characters used to refer to this style literally means
"secret ancestry", implying the secrecy of the
origin. Since Yan Qing was an outlaw who was wanted by the
government at the time, the practitioners of this style would
not advertise their ties to Yan Qing. Therefore, they
referred to their style as the "secret ancestry"
style.
Also see Mizongquan.
Figure
Y-1: Yanqingquan/Fred Ho
Yaxingquan Translated
as Duck Style. This is a style based on the movements of a
duck. According to legend, this style was created by the
Taoist, Luya Daoren , of the Emei Mountain during the Tang
Dynasty.
Yingzhuaquan Translated
as Eagle Claw Style. This is an imitation style mimicking the
movements of an eagle. It is believed that Yingzhuaquan was
created by Liu Sijun of the Qing Dynasty. In the early
1900's, Chen Zizheng taught at the Shanghai Jinwu Athletic
Association . The characteristics of Eagle Claw include
many Qinna techniques in its applications. It is described
as "Rapid, explosive, and continuous when in motion;
alert and brisk as an eagle waiting for a rabbit when
still."
Figure
Y-2: Yingzhuaquan/Derek Cheng
Yiquan see
Dachengquan
Yiu, Gordon He
began his Cailifoquan studies at age 5 from his father,
Hilbert Yiu. He also learned modern competition routines and
was the gold medalist and all-around champion many times in
major Wushu competitions. See his photo demonstration
under Wushu Bingqi.
Yiu, Hilbert, Jr.
He is the eldest son of Hilbert Yiu. He is an instructor
of Choy Lee Fut Shung Ying School in Canada. He has been a
gold medalist in many Northwestern Canada tournaments. See
his photo demonstration under Gun.
Yiu, Hilbert T.S.
A member of the Canadian National Wushu team in 1986. He is a
prominent practitioner of Cailifoquan, international Wushu
competition routines, and lion dancing. His lion dancing team
has received several gold medals in Canadian national Wushu
championships. He was instrumental in the organization of
several east coast U.S.A. and Canadian national Wushu
championships. He is the Vice President of Wushu B.C. and the
Confederation of Canadian Wushu Organizations. See his
photo demonstrations under Cailifoquan and Cha.
Yizu Wushu
This term refers to the Wushu developed by the Yizu ethnic
people. It is believed, that during the reign of the Qing
Emperor, Daoguang, between 1823 and 1850, Wushu spread to the
Yizu people. They have many routines, over twenty different
weapon routines, and Sanshou training. Fifty years ago, there
was an old man named Pu Chaoqing who was said to have
extraordinary Wushu ability. Once he performed a jumping toe
kick to the ceiling. Before he came down, he gently nudged
his wife off the chair she was sitting on with his other leg
and landed on the chair in a crossed leg sitting position.
His light-body ability had to be amazing to be able to do so.
The Yizu people had
often won Shuaijiao and fighting competitions during the
annual Southwestern ethnic competions that included over
thirty divisions. In the 1960s, Liang Shou-Yu was
the first Han ethnic person to win against a Yizu competitor.
Liang was still in college at the time. The Han ethnic people
were traditionally not as strong as the Yizu competitors and
had never won Shuaijiao competitions.
Yongchunquan Legend
has it, that it was created by Yan Sanniang in Yongchun
County, Fujian Province. Many believed that its name was
derived from the location where it was created. Others
believed that Yan Sanniangs other name was Yongchun,
therefore, the style was called Yongchunquan. The movements
of Yongchunquan require that the hand movements do not go
higher than the eyebrows and not lower than the crotch; and
left and right movements do not go wider than shoulder width.
It attacks an opponents center while protecting its own
center. Its emphasis is on close range applications.
Traditional routines include: Xiaorentou , Biaozi , and
Xunqiao .
Figure
Y-3: Wooden Dummy Drills/Sunny Tang
Figure
Y-4: Sticky Hands/Fred Kwok and partner
Figure
Y-5: Butterfly Knives/Vingrove Thomas
Yu, Wen Mei Recognized
as a Top Instructor in Taijiquan in the Wushu division of
China in 1983. She was a former professor at Jin Wu Athletic
College and a former General Secretary of the Shanghai
Physical Culture Association for the elderly. As a
competitor, she has won many tournaments in China and the
United States. She also received numerous awards including
the "Award of Excellence" presented to her by the
National Womens Martial Arts Federation. She has
published more than 40 articles in the Inside Kung Fu
Magazine. She was recognized as the 1994 "Writer of the
Year" and as the 1997 "Women of the Year" by
Inside Kung Fu magazine. She currently teaches at the Jian
Mei Association in Burbank, California, U.S.A. See her
photo demonstration under Taijiquan.
Yuan, Shaoliang
A physician at Beijing Hospital of Chinese Medicine. He is a
professor of Taiji and Qigong at the Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Academy for Performing Arts, and various
institutions in Hong Kong. Since his youth, he has studied
under many prominent Wushu teachers in Beijing. He is known
for Dabeiquan and several other Wushu styles. He is an
antique collector; and he has been featured in numerous
Chinese newspapers in Hong Kong. See his photo
demonstration under Dabeiquan.
Yuanyangyue Deer
Hooks or Meridian Ax Couple (Drawing Y-1). It is a Baguazhang
weapon, usually used in pairs.
Figure
Y-6: Yuanyanchan/He Tao
Yuejiajiao Translated
as Yue Family Teaching. Legend has it, that it originated in
Hunan Province and spread to Meixian in Guangdong
Province. There is a known routine called Yipenzhu .
Yuemenquan Translated
as Yue Family Fist. This is one of the most well-known Emei
Styles. Legend has it, that it was created by Marshall Yue
Fei . There are over seventy known barehanded routines,
over twenty weapons routines, and many matching routines and
training methods.
Yueshilianquan Translated
as Yue Family Connected Fist. It is believed to have been
created by Marshall Yue Fei during the Song Dynasty. It
was known as Yushi Sanshou , meaning Yue Family free
fighting techniques. During the Qing Dynasty, Liu Sijun
created additional short routines into this style and
connected the short routines into a longer routine for
training. Thereby, the style was later named Yue Family
Connected Fist. It is classified as Changquan.
Yujiaquan Translated
as Yu Family Fist. It is known in eastern Sichuan Province.
Yujiaquan combined the philosophies of Taoist and Confucius
thinking into their style. There are sixteen known barehanded
routines, eight weapon routines, and eight training methods.
Yumen Translated
as Yu Family Style. This style was created by Yu Qian
during the Ming Dynasty. Yumen is characterized by the Empty
Stance, it utilizes defensive-offense as a strategy, and uses
soft-neutralizing against hard attacks. The known barehanded
routines include: Zhiziquan , Mianzhangquan , and
Bangeyanqing . Its known weapon routines include:
Nanyangdao , Gunlongdao , Wumingdao , and Gunlu .
Yumenquan Legend
has it, that it was derived from the Wuqinzi Qigong
created by Hua Tuo . In the 1770s, Yu Youfu
continued this style and taught it to his students. Thereby,
the style was later named Yumenquan. Yumenquan has many
changing hand techniques and a few kicking techniques. There
are over thirty known barehanded routines and fourteen weapon
routines.
Yumenquan Translated
as Fish Style. Legend has it, that in Hubei Province there
were six Wushu companions that were inspired by observing
swimming fish and fishermen casting their nets. Yumenquan is
also known as Liujiayi . This style has many similar
characteristics as in Taijiquan. The known routines include:
Bazhentu , Bagua-fan , Youchang , Liuhe , and
Luhechangquan .
Figures
Y-7 and Y-8: Yumenquqan/ Guo Jianhua
Yunnan Province
A Chinese province located at the southeastern border of
China. It borders Vietnam and Laos to its south. It covers
394 thousand square kilometers with a population of over 41
million people as of 1999.
Z
Zang, Lijuan A
native of Cangzhou, Henan Province. She inherited her
family's Wushu styles. She is a prominent practitioner in
many Wushu styles including Mulanquan and Dunhuangquan. She
currently teaches in San Gabriel, California, USA. See her
photo demonstrations under Mulanquan and Dunhuanquan.
Zangqiang Wushu
This term refers to the Wushu developed from the Xizhang
and Qiang area. The Qiang ethnic Chinese had its own
Wushu. For ten years, between the years 136 and 165, the Han
people were at war with the Qiang people. Qiang had to
develop their Wushu to combat the Han.
In the Tang Dynasty,
to attain peace, the King of Xizang and the Emperor of Tang
arranged for the marriage between Princess Wencheng of
Tang and the Prince of Zang. Princess Wencheng brought with
her, her Han culture and bodyguards that were Wushu experts.
Han Wushu spread to Zang and assisted in furthering the
development of Wushu for the Zang.
The Zang people also
absorbed the Qiang Wushu and developed what was known as
Quanba . During the Qing Dynasty, the royal family often
employed the services of the Xizang Mizong Lama to protect
the palaces.
Zen See Chan.
The Japanese romanization of Chan.
Zhang, Hong Mei She
was born in Beijing, China. She began studying Wushu at age
9. She was a member of the Beijing Wushu Team. She was a
Chinese National Champion in Baguazhang, Double Sword, and
Sparring Routines. At the First International Wushu Games,
she won a gold medal in the Straight Sword category. She has
traveled around the world performing and teaching Wushu,
including the Yokohama Wushu Society. She is currently the
teacher and cofounder of the Pacific Wushu and the Stanford
Wushu Club. See her photo demonstrations under Baguazhang
and Jian.
Zhang, Li She
was an Associate Professor of Physical Education at Hunan
Medical University. She is a Chinese National Wushu Judge,
and a Fifth Degree Black Belt Wushu Instructor. She came to
the United States in 1996. In 1997, she was awarded the
"Top One Hundred Wushu Practitioners" award at the
1997 World Cup Wushu Championships. She currently teaches in
Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. See her photo
demonstration under Baguazhang.
Zhang, Lingmei
One of three prominent female swordsmen in the 1970s.
She was the former head coach for the Shanxi Provincial team
. She has represented China many times as a performer,
coach, and leader, for China Wushu teams performing around
the world. She is a certified Senior Coach and National Judge
of Wushu. She is one of two women to receive the Wushu
Contribution Award from the Chinese Wushu Research Institute.
She is a Seventh Level Black Belt in Wushu awarded by the
Chinese Wushu Institute. She is also included in the book, Biography
of China's Prominent Wushu Practitioners . She
currently teaches in San Francisco, California, U.S.A. See
her photo demonstration under Jian.
Zhang, Peng A
former member of the Shaanxi Provincial Wushu team. He is a
Wuyin title recipient. He was also a member of the China
Wushu team that performed in many countries around the world.
He attained many gold and silver medals in China's national
Wushu competitions. He is a graduate of the Beijing Physical
Education University and was a Wushu instructor at the
Beijing Artillery Command Center. He has also appeared in
many Wushu movies and TV programs. He has been judging in
Canadian National Wushu competitions. See his photo
demonstration under Dao.
Zhang, Shu-Fang
A graduate of the Beijing Physical Education University In
the 1960s, he was a professional coach of Wushu, weight
lifting, and Shuaijiao, for the Beijing City Sports Committee
Association ( ). He was a gold medalist in the Beijing
Physical Education University Shuaijiao competition. He was a
professor at Beijing Qigong University , and a professor of
Traditional Chinese Medicine. He was a student of Wang
Shichuan and Yao Zongxun . Yao was a disciple of Wang
Xiangzhai , the founder of Danchengquan. See his
photo demonstrations under Dachengquan and Duanbin
Boji.
Zhang, Xuexin
(1928-) A senior disciple of Feng Zhiqiang and studied under
Chen Zhaokui. He is a prominent Chen Style Taiji practitioner
in the United States. Prior to immigrating to the United
States, he taught Taijiquan in China for over ten years and
was certified by the Chen Style Taiji Association. He
currently teaches in San Francisco, California and gives
workshops around the world. See his photo
demonstration under Taijiquan.
Zhang, Zhi Bin In
1953, at age 8, he was the youngest practitioner to represent
Northeast China in the China National Wushu Competitions. In
1958, he became a member of the Heilongjiang Provincial Wushu
Team. In 1960, he was a member of the Wushu delegation that
accompanied Premier Zhou Enlai to Burma. He is a graduate of
the Wuhan Physical Education University, and the Wushu coach
for Harbin City. In the past 36 years or more, he has trained
many outstanding Wushu athletes. In 1989, 1993, and 1995, he
traveled to Russia, Korea, and Japan to teach Wushu. He is a
prominent Wushu practitioner in Harbin, China with over 50
years of Wushu experience. In 1999, he was awarded an Eight
Degree Black Belt. He currently teaches in Canada. See his
photo demonstration under Taizuquan.
Zhao, Li-Ying
She graduated from the Beijing Physical Education University
in 1964. She was the former coach of short weapons and sword
fighting for the Beijing City Sports Committee Association
. She currently teaches in Richmond, British Columbia,
Canada. See her photo demonstration under Duanbin
Boji.
Zhao, Ziqiu
(1904-1998) A graduate of the Central Guoshu Institute. In
the 1930s, Zhao Ziqiu defeated three prominent foreign
challengers. He was also a prominent practitioner of Chinese
language and medicine. Since Wushu, language, and martial
arts, are three Chinese national arts, he was also nicknamed,
Mr. Three Nationals . He wrote the Emei Huamen Nanquan
. He was the Vice Chairman of the Chongqing Wushu
Association and was an advisor of the International Wushu
Sanshou Dao Association. See his photo demonstration
under Baguazhang.
Zhaomenquan Translated
as Zhao Family Fist. Legend has it, that it originated from
the first Northern Song Dynasty Emperor, Zhao Kuanyin .
There are two major groups within this style. One is the
Sanyuanpai that migrated to Sanyuan County in Shanxi
Province during the middle of the Qing Dynasty. The other is
the Zhilipai that migrated to Zhili during the middle of
the Qing Dynasty by Zhang Tianhu . Zhaomenquan focuses on
kicking applications, and tends to use offense as a defense.
They have many barehanded routines, weapon routines, and
training methods.
Zhejiang Province
A Chinese province located south of Shanghai City and Jiangsu
Province. It borders the East China Sea to its east. It
covers over 101 thousand square kilometers with a population
of over 44 million people as of 1999.
Zhimen This
style originated in the 1850s by Deng Dingguo . Deng
taught it to his son, Deng Jida . Deng Jida taught it to
his son. The grandson of Deng Dingguo taught it to the
general public when he became the head instructor of the
Fengdu Guoshu School . Zhimen movements are open and
extended. The known routine includes: Xuanfeng Saoluoye
and a training method known as Baiyunzuojingong .
Zhoujiaquan Translated
as Zhou Family Fist. This style was created by Zhou Yufeng
of Chongqing City during the reign of the Qing Emperor,
Qianlong , between 1736 and 1795. There are four known
barehanded routines, two weapon routines, and two sparring
routines.
Zhu, Tian Cai
An official 19th generation Chen Taiji successor and renowned
as one of the "Great Fours". He has traveled all
over China and around the world to teach and promote
Taijiquan. He was the former president of the Chen Village
Taijiquan School . Currently, he is an advanced instructor
at the Singapore Tiancai Taijiquan Training Centre. See his
photo demonstration under Taijiquan.
Zhua Refers
to weapons with a claw at one end. It can be connected to a
piece of rope (Drawing Z-1) or to a pole, such as a
Jinlongzhua (, Drawing Z-2).
Zhuangzu Wushu
This term refers to the Wushu developed by the Zhuangzu
ethnic people. There have been many legendary Zhuangzu Wushu
practitioners in China. On the Huashanyai cliff drawing in
Guangxi, there is a vivid drawing representing the fighting
abilities of the Zhuangzu people. Historical records describe
that the Zhuangzu people were so fierce in battles that they
made their enemies drop their shields and armor, and run for
their lives.
Lady Washi in the
Ming Dynasty was described to have led her young warriors
into battle with double sabers, right into the core of the
enemy camp, and killed the enemy commander. During the Qing
Dynasty, Xiao Chaogui and Tan Shaoguang were prominent
Wushu practitioners that served the Qing Dynasty and were
awarded high royal positions.
Zhujiajiao Translated
as Zhu Family Teaching. This style is popular in Xingning
in Guangdong Province. Some of the known routines include:
Sanbujian , Dane , Shuangquan , Huaquan , and
Jianliquan ; and many fighting methods.
Zimen-1 In
1838, Luo Baishanye of Sichuan was 12 years old, when he
went to Henan to study Zimen Wushu. Later, he traveled all
over China absorbing a vast amount of other styles
essences into Zimen Wushu. Zimen has no routines to speak of.
Each zi or word is an application and/or a training method.
Each zi could consist of one or several movements.
Zimen-2 There
are three legends to the origin of this style. Some believe
that it was created by Chen Yu of Henan Province. Others
believe it was created by Zhou Daxia of Guilin after he
learned his Wushu in the Emei Mountains. Yet, others believe
it was created by Li Quanshi , a military general of the
Qing Dynasty. The beginning and end of the routines from the
Zimen Style of Henan resembles specific characters. There are
over thirty known barehanded routines, one Liuhe Qimeigun ,
one Fenghuang Shuangdao , and eleven Sanshou and training
methods.
Zimu Nanquan
Translated as Mother and Son Nanquan. This style was created
by Peng Ying who was a Wudang Taoist. He participated in
the Keju , an imperial China civil service examination
where he passed the martial examination. During the reign of
the Emperor Guangxu (1875-1908), the emperor sent him to
represent the Qing Dynasty in Europe and America for seven
years. When he returned, he was awarded a military office in
Beijing. There are six known barehanded routines, three
weapon routines, and two training methods.
Ziranmen Translated
as Natural Style. One legend states that this style was
created by Xu Xiake . Xu taught Ziranmen to Jin Chanzi ,
and then two generations later it was taught to Yang Wenzhao
of Sichuan. Xu also taught Ziranmen to Du Xinwu , and Du
taught it to Wan Liasheng .
Ziranmen is
considered an internal style. Some of the known routines
include: Xinyiquan , Bazhenquan , Baluquan ,
Feilongjian , Huolonggun , and Baxianguai . They also
have numerous fighting techniques and training methods.
Practitioners start with a specific training and gradually go
beyond the forms and shapes, into unrestricted and natural
expressions of fighting movements.
Ziwumen Translated
as Midnight and Noon Style. This is an Emei Style. During the
end of the Qing Dynasty, two Emei Buddhist high priests,
Taikong Fashi and Shendeng Fashi , traveled to the four
famous mountains in China. They exchanged their techniques
with practitioners of Shaolin and Wudang, and absorbed both
the Internal and the Externals Styles' essence. Twenty years
later, they created the style named Ziwumen.
Ziwu refers to the
time of the day. Zi refers to midnight and wu refers to
noontime. Much of the Buddhist training is around midnight or
noontime, thereby the style's name was coined. This style
utilizes the philosophy of Yin-Yang as its principle. There
are six known barehanded routines, several weapon routines,
and six training methods.
Zou, Fu A
prominent Longxingquan teacher in Hong Kong. See his
photo demonstration under Longxingquan.
Zou, Yinghui
She has a master's degree from the Beijing University of
Physical Education. She was the team captain of the Hunan
Provincial Wushu team; and has been a silver and bronze
medalist in China National Wushu Competitions. From 1976 to
1986, she was a coach for the Hunan Provincial Wushu team.
Many of her students attained gold, silver, or the top six
places in China National Wushu Competitions. Since 1978, she
has judged in over 60 China National and International Wushu
Competitions. She was the assistant Referee General in China
National Wushu Competitions; and is a certified International
Wushu Forms Judge. She was the assistant dean of the Physical
Education Department at the Hainan Teacher's University; and
a Professor of Wushu. She has written five Wushu
instructional materials and over twenty Wushu articles. See
her photo demonstration under Changquan.
Zuiquan Translated
as Drunken Style. Its routines are based on a drunkards
intoxicated movements. A well-known Zuiquan routine is
Zuibaxian , which imitates the drunken movements of the
legendary Eight Immortals. Another well-known routine is the
Drunkard Captures the Monkey matching routine.
Figures Z-1
and Z-2: Zuiquan/William Lai
Figure Z-3:
Zuiquan/ Liu Weixiong
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